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Second Middle Passage (772 hits)

“Cotton brought about another demographic change—and for African Americans, a uniquely cruel and destructive one. On the new plantations of the Deep South, cotton meant longer hours for slaves, harder work, and increased brutality. It also meant that slave families in the Upper South had become suddenly and terrifyingly vulnerable. African Americans had spent decades creating these families under slavery, establishing bonds of marriage and kinship as best they could. But cotton’s spread into the Deep South created a vast new market for slaves—slaves who could not be imported since the trade had been outlawed by the Constitution and Congress in 1808. Exploiting the natural increase in the slave population, however, made the states of the Upper South a warehouse of exportable human capital, creating an immensely profitable internal slave trade. Slave auctions became large and wrenching daily events in Virginia, Maryland, and the Carolinas, at which wives were separated from husbands, children from parents and siblings. Tens of thousands of uprooted African Americans were put on trains or boats or marched in chains, walking to the plantations of the Deep South. This became the Second Middle Passage, in many ways just as destructive as the first.16”

Excerpt From: Jr. Henry Louis Gates. “The African Americans.” Hay House, 2012-04-30. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStor...
Posted By: Steve Williams
Sunday, July 6th 2014 at 8:39AM
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Thank you for this history!
Sunday, July 6th 2014 at 10:17AM
Reginald Goodwin
A survey of former slaves conducted in the 1930s revealed that 4.5 percent said that one of their parents had been white.

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_text...

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 12:05PM
Steve Williams
Other bodies of data support the conclusion from the census. In the W.P.A. survey of former slaves, of those who identified parentage, only 4.5 percent indicated a white parent. And the work of geneticists lowers the number even further: measures of DNA mutations that are identifiably African or European among modern Southern rural blacks indicate that the share of black children fathered by whites on slave plantations probably averaged between 1 and 2 percent.

http://www.etymonline.com/cw/mulatto.htm

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 12:40PM
Steve Williams

from cotton to 1-2 %

the selfProfessed 'whiteMaN' steve is a false DIVERSION at BIA, African American Family site

The Paternal Lintage of African Slaves during slaverAmericana 1492-1864(1964)

1. paganChristian European deck hands FIRST raped and tortured captured Africans on the ships

2. then the master, put ONE African stud in a barn with multiple female partners

3. masterChristian protector then raped who he wanted and sold his children for another paganChristian master

4. slaveMales raped slaveFemales

5. masterChristian on VERY few occasions allowed a slaveFemale to procreate with a slaveMale

6. some free paganChristian Africans married free paganChristian Africans in the nonSlave states after USA constitution was agreed.

and since spain, Portugal and sicily were ruled by Muslims from Africa Asia and paganChristians did there thing with natives as well as Africans --- there is no 1 % -2 % Accuracy in your blag./


Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 1:07PM
powell robert
The 1850 census shows the percentage mulatto, 28.96 in the north and 10.14 in the south. The 1860 census shows 30.95 in the north and 12.30 in the south.

http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/doc...

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 1:37PM
Steve Williams
You see that I provide references, don't you Robert. You on the other hand provide none.
Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 1:42PM
Steve Williams
And for our African-American male guests, there has been still another astonishing fact revealed about their paternal ancestry -- their father's father's father's line -- through their y-DNA: A whopping 35 percent of all African-American men descend from a white male ancestor who fathered a mulatto child sometime in the slavery era, most probably from rape or coerced s*xuality. In other words, if we tested the DNA of all of the black men in the NBA, for instance, just over one-third descend from a white second or third great-grandfather. In my own case, he was my great-great grandfather, and he was most probably of Irish descent, judging from our shared y-DNA haplogroup.

http://www.theroot.com/articles/history/20...

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 2:19PM
Steve Williams
So you see Harry, even by Dr. Gates generous estimate, roughly two-thirds of the participants on blackinamerica.com whom you address as your "Black Americans", are not.

I now bid you adieu.

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 2:32PM
Steve Williams | delete
Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 2:35PM
Steve Williams
5. masterChristian on VERY few occasions allowed a slaveFemale to procreate with a slaveMale

Comments Robert?

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 2:37PM
Steve Williams
Good luck Harry, may the best man win.
Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 7:09PM
Steve Williams
For you Harry:


from cotton to 1-2 %

the selfProfessed 'whiteMaN' steve is a false DIVERSION at BIA, African American Family site

The Paternal Lintage of African Slaves during slaverAmericana 1492-1864(1964)

1. paganChristian European deck hands FIRST raped and tortured captured Africans on the ships

2. then the master, put ONE African stud in a barn with multiple female partners

3. masterChristian protector then raped who he wanted and sold his children for another paganChristian master

4. slaveMales raped slaveFemales

5. masterChristian on VERY few occasions allowed a slaveFemale to procreate with a slaveMale

6. some free paganChristian Africans married free paganChristian Africans in the nonSlave states after USA constitution was agreed.

and since spain, Portugal and sicily were ruled by Muslims from Africa Asia and paganChristians did there thing with natives as well as Africans --- there is no 1 % -2 % Accuracy in your blag./


Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 1:07PM
powell robert | delete | block member

Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 7:11PM
Steve Williams
your references are TINGED with the same racistIGNORANCE planted on the African Asian from 1492-1864(1964)

WHAT poll could have been taken in 1850 --- when the African was NOT even considered a HUMAN BEING?

ditto 1860

5. masterChristian on VERY few occasions allowed a slaveFemale to procreate with a slaveMale

Master was the got/god/gawd of his plantation and the paganChristian source of spirituality of the African Slave

----case in point the 12 Years a Slave actress masterBedWarmer Lupita Nyong'o ----after a paganChristian bible Sermon by Master was tied to a post and tortured to her demise for getting a bar of soap



Saturday, July 12th 2014 at 8:25PM
powell robert
If you mean to quote from Solomon Northup, it is here:

http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/northup/northu...

Sunday, July 13th 2014 at 9:46AM
Steve Williams

Page 268

higher in the scale of intelligence than such animals, you and men like you will have to answer for it. There's a sin......yes, Epps, there's a day coming that will burn as an oven. It may be sooner or it may be later, but it's a coming as sure as the Lord is just."

Talk about black skin, and black blood; why, how many slaves are there on this bayou as white as either of us?
****************************************************
no census or poll needed here, "slaves as white as either of us"

again, most of the slaves born in America are the seed of the master paganChristian, 'selfProfessed whiteMan'---a GENERATIONAL torturer, rapist, and sadist pedophile........

****************************************************
Page 306

"Lor a' mity, Platt! what d'ye think? Dem two men come after ye. Heard 'em tell masse you free— got wife and tree children back thar whar you come from. Goin' wid 'em?
********************************************************

hey this reminds me of ebonics
*****************************************************

Page 326

That the said Solomon is about forty-five years of age, and never resided out of the State of New-York....... That the said Solomon Northup is a free citizen of the State of New-York....
And your memorialist further states that Mintus Northup was the... father of said Solomon, and was a negro.......that the mother of said Solomon was a mulatto, or three quarters white.....
**********************************************

again, 3/4 'white' ----- thank you for researching my point.................


Sunday, July 13th 2014 at 11:12AM
powell robert
Now we have a common reference I will take a look.
Sunday, July 13th 2014 at 11:29AM
Steve Williams
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