the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491

A KEY to my participation at BIA has been the Belief that HISTORY, SCHOLARSHIP and SCIENCE will better secure America.

This series will focus and if Allaah pleases EXPLAIN,

"Why the Europeans risked their fear of falling off the flatEarth to go where their Muslim Rulers had already been!"

The Great Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás once wrote:

History is necessary to avoid repeating past mistakes.

History is nothing but assisted and recorded memory. It might almost be said to be no science at all, if memory and faith in memory were not what science necessarily rest on. In order to sift evidence we must rely on some witness, and we must trust experience before we proceed to expand it. The line between what is known scientifically and what has to be assumed in order to support knowledge is impossible to draw. Memory itself is an internal rumour; and when to this hearsay within the mind we add the falsified echoes that reach us from others, we have but a shifting and unseizable basis to build upon. The picture we frame of the past changes continually and grows every day less similar to the original experience which it purports to describe.

let our DISCOVERY begin............

Subject ---- OK

The EXPLORATION of America from men from Africa began with possibly these thoughts

"The wise one is he who has subdued his lower self and has prepared for what follows .."

"Actions will be judged according to their intentions."

"We are what we repeatedly do, excellence then is not an act, but a habit."

thank you dearest sweetIrma

always appreciative of any oral history

The EXPLORATION of America from Our African Ancestors

We always discourse the slaverAmericana 1492 -1864 period

I want to explore with this Blog the 400 YEARS before the euroCentric Plague that swarmed the ancestors of African Americans

...............the World that was shaped by My ancestors before 1000-1491

and there are greater Scholastics than me at BIA, I welcome irma or the Dr.s' Help....

--------Part 2-------

The famous Muslim geographer and cartographer AsSharif AlIdrisi (1099 – 1166) wrote in his famous book ‘Nuzhat al-Mushtaq fi-Ikhtiraq AlAfaq (Excursion of Crossing the Horizon) that a group of seafarers sailed into the sea of darkness and fog (the Atlantic ocean) from Lisbon (Portugal), in order to discover what was in it and what were its limits. They finally reached an island that had people and cultivation...on the fourth day, a translator spoke to them in the Arabic language.

The Muslim reference books mentioned a well-documented description of a journey across the sea of fog and darkness by Shaikh ZaynEddine Ali benFadhel AlMazandarani. His journey started from Tarfay (south Morocco) during the reign of the King AbuYacoub Sidi Youssef (1286 – 1307) sixth of the Marinid dynasty, to Green island in the Caribbean Sea in 1291 (690 AH). The details of his ocean journey are mentioned in Islaamic references, and many Muslim scholars are aware of this recorded historical event.

The Muslim historian Chihab Eddine AbdulAbbas Ahmad benFadhl AlUmari (1300 – 1384, 700–786 AH) described in detail the geographical explorations beyond the sea of fog and darkness of Mali’s Sultans in his famous book ‘Massalik AlAbsaar fi Mamaalik AlAmsaar (The Pathways of Sights in The provinces of Kingdoms).

Sultan Mansa Kankan Musa (1312–1337) was the world-renowned Mandinka monarch of the West African Islamic Empire of Mali. While travelling to Makkah on his famous Hajj in 1324, he informed the scholars of the Mamluk Bahri Sultan court (AnNasirEddin Muhammad III, 1309–1340) in Cairo that his brother, Sultan Abu Bakari I (1284 –1312) had undertaken two expeditions into the Atlantic ocean. When the sultan did not return to Timbuktu from the second voyage of 1311, Mansa Musa became sultan of the empire.

Columbus and early Spanish and Portuguese explorers were able to voyage across the Atlantic (a distance of 24,000 Kilometres) thanks to Muslim geographical and navigational information, in particular maps made by Muslims traders, including AlMasudi (871–957) in his book ‘Akhbar AzZaman’ (History of The World) which is based on material gathered in Africa and Asia. As a matter of fact, Columbus had two captains of Muslim origin during his first transatlantic voyage: Martin Alfonso Pinzon was the captain of the Pinta, and his brother Vicente Yanex Pinzon was the captain of the Nina. They were wealthy, expert ship outfitters who helped organise the Columbus expedition and repaired the flagship Santa Maria. They did this at their own expense for both commercial and political reasons. The Pinzon family was related to AbuZayan Muhammad III (1362–1366), the Moroccan Sultan (1196–1465).

BIA, lets get some Interest in History, Scholarship and Science!

Part 3

Arabic (Islaamic) Inscriptions---------------

Anthropologists have proven that the Mandinkas under Mansa Musa’s instructions explored many parts of North America via the Mississippi and other rivers systems. At Four Corners, Arizona, writings show that they even brought elephants from Africa to the area.

When Columbus sailed from Palos (Delba), Spain. He was bound for Gomera (Canary Islands) – Gomera is an Arabic word meaning ‘small firebrand’ – there he fell in love with Beatriz Bobadill, daughter of the Ruling Bobadilla clan of the island (Bobadilla is derived from the Arab Islamic name Abouabdilla). Another Bobadilla (Francisco), later as the royal commissioner, put Columbus in chains and transferred him from Santo Domingo back to Spain (November 1500). The Bobadilla family was related to Abbadidi dynasty of Seville (1031–1091).

Columbus admitted in his papers that on Monday, October 21, 1492 while his ship was sailing near Gibara on the northeast coast of Cuba, he saw a mosque on the top of a beautiful mountain.

The ruins of mosques and minarets with inscriptions of Qur’aanic verses have been discovered in Cuba, Mexico, Texas and Nevada.

Part 4

During his second voyage, Columbus was told by the Indians of Espanola (Haiti), that Darker people had been to the island before his arrival. For proof they presented Columbus with the spears of these African Muslims. These weapons were tipped with a yellow metal that the Indians called Guanine, a word of West African Derivation meaning ‘gold alloy.’ Oddly enough, it is related to the Arabic world ‘Ghinaa’ which means ‘Wealth.’ Columbus brought some Guanines back to Spain and had them tested. He learned that the metal was 18 parts gold (56.25 percent), six parts silver (18.75 percent) and eight parts copper (25 percent), the same ratio as the metal produced in African metal shops of Guinea.

In 1498, on his third voyage to the New World, Columbus landed in Trinidad. Later, he sighted the South American continent, where some of his crew went ashore and found natives using colourful handkerchiefs of symmetrically woven cotton. Columbus noticed that these handkerchiefs resembled the headdresses and loincloths of Guinea in their colours, style and function. He referred to them as Almayzars. Almayzar is an Arabic word for ‘wrapper,’ ‘cover’ apron’ and or ‘skirting,’ which was the cloth the Moors (Spanish or North African Muslims) imported from West Africa (Guinea) into Morocco, Spain and Portugal.

During this voyage, Columbus was surprised that the married women wore cotton panties (bragas) and he wondered where these natives learned their modesty. Hernando Cortez, Spanish conqueror, described the dress of the Indian women as long veils and the dress of Indian men as ‘breechcloth painted in the style of Moorish draperies.' Ferdinand Columbus called the native cotton garments ‘breechclothes of the same design and cloth as the shawls worn by the Moorish women of Granada.’ Even the similarly of the children’s hammocks to those found in North Africa was uncanny.

Dr. Barry Fell (Harvard University) introduced in his book Saga America – 1980 solid scientific evidence supporting the arrival, centuries before Columbus, of Muslims from North and West Africa. Dr. Fell discovered the existence of Muslim schools at valley of Fire, Allan Springs, Logomarsino, Keyhole Canyon, Washoe and Hickison Summit Pass (Nevada), Mesa Verde (Colorado), Mimbres Valley (New Mexico) and Tipper Canoe (Indiana) dating back to 700-800. Engraved on rocks in the old western USA, he found texts, diagrams and charts representing the last surviving fragments of what was once a system of schools – at both an elementary and higher levels. The language of instruction was North African Arabic written with old Kufic Arabic script. The subjects of instruction included writing, reading, arithmetic, religion, geography, history, mathematics, astronomy, and sea navigation.

The descendants of the Muslim visitors of North America are members of the present Iroquois, Algonquin, Anasazi, Hohokam and Olmec native people.

There are 565 names of places (villages, towns, cities, mountains, lakes, river, etc.) in USA (484) and Canada (81), which are derived from Islamic, and Arabic roots. Their places were originally named by the Natives, in pre-Columbian period. Some of these names carried holy meanings such as: Mecca (Indiana) – 720 inhabitants, Makkah Indian tribe (Washington), Medina (Idaho) – 2100, Medina (NY) – 8500, Medina and Hazen (North Dakota) – 1100 and 5000, respectively, Medina (Ohio) – 12,000, Medina (Tennessee) – 1100, Medina (Texas) – 26,000, Medina (Ontario) – 1200, Mahomet (Illinois) – 3200, Mona (Utah) – 1100, Arva (Ontario) – 700, and many others. A careful study of the names of the native Indian tribes revealed that many names are derived from Arab and Islamic roots and origins, i.e. Anasazi, Apache, Arawak, Arikana, Chavin Cherokee, Cree, Hohokam, Hupa, Hopi, Makkah Mahigan, Mohawk, Nazca, Zulu, Zuni, etc.

Based on the above historical, geographical and linguistic evidence, a call to celebrate the millennium of the Muslim arrival to the Americas (996-1996), five centuries before Columbus, has been issued to all Muslim nations and communities around the world. We hope that this call will receive complete understanding and attract enough support.

NOW that you have READ some History, Scholarship and Science

---- Subject

1. What was the Real Reason that the Europeans went West?

2. What are the Historical and Cultural Implications of this History to American Life?

Hello to all,

Everyone of you all are stupid as hell! How many times have I told you all that Black Americans are a new race of people born out of the ashes of plantation slavery. Black Americans are approximately 500 years old. There is no history that Black Americans existed anywhere in the world prior to when slavery started in this country and you fools still believe you all stupid-**** that Black Americans are Israelites and a bunch of other ****.

You all are stupid-idiots!

After a long READING of History of Africa and its Great Civilizations, before the euroCentric Falsehood presented to America during slaverAmericana 1492-1864 and its NEGATIVE effects;

i would like to propose a LOGICAL theory........

Columbus and his spanishPatrons ---who had been Muslim citizens for 600+ YEARS----- KNEW that the Muslim Civilizations of North and West Africa had traveled the Atlantic Ocean and had brought back gold and silver that had been traded with the Native American Civilizations

and

Columbus and his spanishPatrons then decided to plunder and steal gold and silver in the Americas

oh, is it theory!

or is it the History, Scholarship and Science of America.................?

Let us Understand that Spain was a Muslim Nation for 500+ YEARS

-- a longer period than the europeaPagans beliefs affected the nativeAmerican, and robbed Africa with their euroCentric 'religious' development of slaverAmericana 1492-1864

The Greatest Masjid of the 1st Millenium was Built in Spain!

Our West African Ancestors KNEW the World was Round.....and they were the WORLD'S masters of Writing, Education and of course they charted the World with the help of their Legacy to Family of Adaam(as).........they invented AlJebraa, or algebra

sweetIrma,

the Great Muslim Nation of West Africa covered all northCentral Africa from the Atlantic Islands to Sudaan on the Red Sea.......a land Larger than america and europe combined!

Sultan Mansa Kankan Musa and his brother, Sultan Abu Bakari; revived Meccah with tremendous Wealth during their 14 th century Reign......Wealth that many feel they brought from their trade in the Americas;

and

-----------their heir the Great Sultan Sunni Ali Ber continued that trade til Sunni Ali Ber died in 1492

..........in 1492, the euroCentric History is written that ferdinand/isabella finally "drove out" the Muslims

but

-------the africanCentric Islaamic History writes that the Empire of Sultan Sunni Ali Ber collapsed; So much So; that the Great General Askia Mohamed led a Military Coup against the immoral son of Sunni Ali Ber and MADE his Muslims armies LEAVE the paganSpanish lands..........

sweetIrma thank you for your mature and intelligent commentary that the blogking and his offSubject references Brought to the SUBJECT of this BLOG:

"the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 1000-1491"

thank you mrTHE BLOG KING DAVID JOHNSON SR ---- your 1492-1864 shaped Thinking and Writing CAN be addressed in MANY other BLOGS at BIA or anywhere

and again if you need help READING there are many Doctors on BIA site, and even a few Professors.......

again,

1000-1491

After a long READING of History of Africa and its Great Civilizations, before the euroCentric Falsehood presented to America during slaverAmericana 1492-1864 and its NEGATIVE effects;

i would like to propose a LOGICAL theory........

Columbus and his spanishPatrons ---who had been Muslim citizens for 600+ YEARS----- KNEW that the Muslim Civilizations of North and West Africa had traveled the Atlantic Ocean and had brought back gold and silver that had been traded with the Native American Civilizations

and

Columbus and his spanishPatrons then decided to plunder and steal gold and silver in the Americas

oh, is it theory!

or is it the History, Scholarship and Science of America.................?

This is a real GEM Robert!

Here is a question.

I read this in Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki, where he postulates that the Pacific islands were populated from Peru, not earlier than around 500 CE.

"Here [Peru] an unknown people had once lived and established one of the world's strangest civilizations, till suddenly, long ago, they vanished as though swept away from the earth's surface. They left behind them enormous stone statues carved in the image of human beings, which recalled those on Pitcairn, the Marquesas, and Easter Island, and huge pyramids built in steps like those on Tahiti and Samoa. They hewed out of the mountains, with stone axes, stone blocks as large as railway cars and heavier than elephants, transported them for miles about the countryside, and set them up on end or placed them on top of one another to form gateways, huge walls, and terraces, exactly as we find on some of the islands in the Pacific.

"The Inca Indians had their great empire in this mountain country when the first Spaniards came to Peru. They told the Spaniards that the colossal monuments that stood deserted about the landscape were erected by a race of white gods which had lived there before the Incas themselves became rulers. These vanished architects were described as wise, peaceful instructors, who had originally come from the north, long ago in the morning of time, and had taught the Incas' primitive forefathers architecture and agriculture as well as manners and customs. They were unlike other Indians in having white skins and long beards; they were also taller than the Incas. Finally they left Peru as suddenly as they had come; the Incas themselves took over power in the country, and the white teachers vanished forever from the coast of South America and fled westward across the Pacific.

"Now it happened that, when when the Europeans came to the Pacific islands, they were quite astonished to find that many of the natives had almost white skins and were bearded. On many of the islands there were whole families conspicuous for there remarkably pale skins, hair varying from reddish to blond, blue-gray eyes, and almost Semitic, hook-nosed faces."

Okay, let's remember Thor Heyerdahl was Norwegian, and didn't necessarily get the story entirely correct. But certainly America did have pyramids prior to 1492.

I also read this at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blond

"Geographic distribution

Europe
Blond hair is most frequently found among the populations of Northern Europe. The pigmentation of both hair and eyes is lightest around the Baltic Sea and their darkness increases regularly and almost concentrically around this region.[32] A 2009 study found that light hair colors were already present in southern Siberia during the Bronze Age.[33] Due to migration from Europe from the 16th to the 20th centuries, blonds are also found all around the world such as in North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa etc.


A boy with blond hair in Vanuatu
Generally, blond hair in Europeans is associated with lighter eye color (gray, blue, green and hazel) and light (sometimes freckled) skin tone. Strong sunlight also, on some people but not all, lightens hair of any pigmentation,[citation needed] to varying degrees, and causes many blond people to freckle, especially during childhood.
Asia In Central Asia and South Asia, there is a lower frequency of natural blonds found among some ethnic populations. But blonds are found at comparatively high frequency among the Nuristani people of eastern Afghanistan, who have about one-third recessive blondism.[34] In northwestern Pakistan, the Kalash tribe (related to Nuristanis) also have an unusually high frequency of blond hair, while blond hair is also found among many Pashtuns tribes of the area, such as the Afridis residing near the Khyber Pass. Around 10% of Tajiks also have blond hair, more prevalent in the Pamir region.[35] Blond hair color also naturally occurs among other people from Afghanistan, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan; these groups include Chitralis, Kashmiris, Shinas and Burusho.
Blonds are also found in Turkey, especially in the northern (Caucasus) and western (European) parts of the country. Blonds are also found in parts of southwest and northern Iran, especially in the Caspian and Caucasus provinces. Blonds are also found in the Levant, Israel (especially among the Ashkenazi), in western Syria, in northern Iraq, and in the Palestinian territories. Jordan and Lebanon have a frequency of blonds as well. Blond hair is also a common sight among Berbers of North Africa, especially in the Rif and Kabyle region and also among Maghreb Arabs of Berber descent.[36]
Oceania Aboriginal Australians, especially in the west-central parts of the continent, have a high frequency of natural blond-to-brown hair,[37] with as many as 90–100% of children having blond hair in some areas.[38] The trait among Indigenous Australians is primarily associated with children. In maturity the hair usually turns a darker brown color, but sometimes remains blond.[38] Blondness is also found in some other parts of the South Pacific, such as the Solomon Islands,[30][31] Vanuatu, and Fiji, again with higher incidences in children.
Natural blonde hair is more common among young children than adults, as blonde hair usually darkens to a brunette shade with age. Natural blonde hair is rare in adulthood, with some reports that only about 2% of the world's population is naturally blonde.[39]"

So, what do we know of the physical appearance of the people of the Mediterranean, classically, and could these "white gods" have been Muslim or even an earlier society?

And Thor Heyerdahl of course, after having floated 6000 miles from Peru to Tahiti on a balsa raft, went on to sail a reed boat across the Atlantic from Morocco to Barbados.

yes Steve and sweetIrma!

--- i thank you for helping me EXPLORE the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 1000-1491

i guess i read the first edition of THORs' works and he was always trying to prove ALIENS were responsible---OK

and colors of hair and pigments were always in my life along with Pyramids

but the real ALIENS to euroCentric thought of History, Scholarship and Science to THOR were ------ i believe Muslims

same titBits of Direction----

The Muslim traveler Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, introduced AlIslaam to China in 650, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang. It is also well documented that in the year 1008 the Fatimaad Egyptian sea captain Domiyat, in the name of his ruling Imam AlHakim bin AmrAllaah, travelled to the Buddhist pilgrimage site in Shandong to seek out Emperor Zhenzong of Song with gifts from his court.

Zheng He (1371–1433), formerly known as Hajji Mahmud Shamsuddin, was a Muslim Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Somalia and the Swahili coast, from 1405 to 1433.

Zheng, was the second son of a Muslim family from Kunyang, present day Jinning, just south of Kunming near the southwest corner of Lake Dian in Yunnan.

He was the great great great grandson of Sayyid Ajjal Shams AdDeen Omar, a Persian(Iranian) who served in the administration of the Mongolian Empire and was appointed governor of Yunnan during the early Yuan Dynasty.

Both his grandfather and great-grandfather carried the title of Hajji, which indicates they had made the pilgrimage to Meccah. His great-grandfather was named Bayan(bayan in Arabic means traveler)

and then the european connection....

Gregory Choniades, a Citizen Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire in Constantinople-----

translated a number of Arabic and Persian works on mathematics and astronomy, including the astronomical tables of HIS teacher Shams AdDeen AlBukhari,

who had worked at the famous Maragheh observatory(Morooco) under the polymath Nasir AdDeen AtTusi. Choniades played an important role in transmitting several innovations from the Islaamic world to Europe.

These include the introduction of the universal latitude-independent astrolabe to Europe and a Greek description of the Tusi-couple, which would later have an influence on Copernican heliocentrism.

Choniades also translated several Zij treatises into Greek, including the Persian Zij-i Ilkhani by AtTusi and the Maragheh observatory, as well as the Arabic Sinjaric Tables by AlKhazini, an Islamic astronomer of Byzantine Greek descent.

Choniades also visited Tabriz, at the time the Mongol capital, and served as Bishop there. He seems to have been in Tabriz from 1295 to 1296 and returned to Constantinople. In 1302, he returned to Tabriz as Bishop. According to David Pingree, this may have been in connection with Alexios II of Trebizond's attempt to form an alliance with Ghazan Khan in the summer of 1302.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Meccah is the common Destination, source of the Great African Empires 1000-1491, Othmani Empire and their meetings with the Great Asian Empires(Islaamic India and China) 1000-1491

----to share their History, Scholarship and Science.

The Hajj is the spiritual Yearly journey of the Muslims AND it HAS been the greatest "peaceful Human Global Interaction" of The Family of Adaam(as) from every corner of the World for the past 1460+........

I see it as VERY possible that the Persian Muslim, Byzantine(Othmani) Muslim, Chinese Muslim and African Muslim Explorers learned from each other and traveled WITH each other THROUGHOUT the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans..........1000-1491 and before.

The World’s First Seafarers
The Pacific was the first ocean to be explored and settled, and its history is one of voyages. There were two distinct voyaging periods.-


“Ancient” Voyaging: From Asia to Near Oceania
The origins of the Pacific’s diverse peoples can be traced back along seaways to mainland Asia.

The people of the ancient period (50,000–25,000 BC) had a palaeolithic (Old Stone Age) technology and a hunting and foraging economy. Setting off in simple rafts, they gradually dispersed through the large islands of South-East Asia. Eventually they reached Australia and New Guinea, which were then connected by a land bridge.

These ancient people ultimately travelled as far into Melanesia as the southern end of the main chain of the Solomon Islands. They made a remarkable series of adaptations to diverse environments, which ranged from tropical islands in the north to glacial Tasmania in the south, from coastline to interior, and from rainforest to near-desert.

This wider region is known as Near Oceania. It consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands and the Solomon Islands



“Recent” Voyaging: Into Remote Oceania
Migration into Remote Oceania began around 1200 BC. Remote Oceania lies to the east and south of Near Oceania, and consists of Melanesia (south-east of the Solomons), Micronesia and Polynesia. The islands were generally smaller, with fewer food resources, and were beyond the reach of simple water craft.

The migrating people, however, had neolithic (New Stone Age) technologies, and food-producing economies. Known as Lapita, they had learned to explore the open sea and survive. After millennia of developments in boat building, and accumulated experience of seafaring in Near Oceania, skilled navigators began to explore in sophisticated canoes. Migrants voyaged east across the tropical Pacific into Remote Oceania, carrying with them domesticated plants and animals to sustain settlement in their new island homes.

Ultimately explorers arrived at South America, and then returned to their home islands in Remote Oceania with the kūmara (sweet potato) and a species of gourd. Radiocarbon dates for kūmara found on Mangaia, in the southern Cook Islands, show that Polynesians had reached South America and returned by 1000 AD.

Why Explore?

While research suggests how the Pacific was probably settled, it is harder to explain why.
Among the motives that have been put forward are the need for trade and junior kinship lines wanting to establish seniority on new islands. A common reason for seeking new lands is overcrowding. But early Pacific migrations were not forced by the need for more space. In Lapita times population numbers were lower than they would ever be again. Stories of voyages of exile, overpopulation and warfare all belong to the end of Polynesian prehistory, long after the islands were settled. There is also little support for the Pacific being settled by accidental drift voyages – it was clearly intentional.
It may be that Pacific migration was driven by other impulses, which are both universal and personal – discovery, prestige, exile, a sense of adventure, wanderlust, curiosity. Technological innovation and exploration have also been essential features of human behaviour for more than a million years.

Early Theories
The first explorers had no maps or navigational instruments, and there has been spirited debate among sailors and scholars as to how they settled the region. Early theories ranged from mythical hero navigators who discovered new lands and returned home with sailing directions, to accidental voyagers who drifted away from islands to which they could not return. Complicating the argument was the myth of a South American origin, advocated by some 19th-century scholars and popularised in the 20th century by the archaeologist Thor Heyerdahl.

Recent Understanding
We now know that migrations were deliberate, because they involved taking the people, plants and animals needed to establish sustainable colonies. There have been many experimental voyages in replica canoes and rafts, as well as other ‘computer voyages’. Computer experiments using data for winds and currents show that the major voyages could not have occurred by drift.

Survival, Not Speed
The human instinct for survival meant that exploration almost certainly occurred in stages, using different sailing strategies:

Against the wind – this was the initial search-and-return voyage, to find out whether there were islands on the exposed side of the home island.

Across the wind – once navigators had found new islands, they could then begin to sail safely across prevailing winds. They would know that on their return they could stop at these islands if they could not make it all the way home.

Downwind – this happened at a later stage. Sailing downwind usually requires returning by a different route, and it took time for explorers to discover the intermediate islands that made these routes possible. Sailing downwind also indicated that navigators understood how to use the various weather systems.

Search and Return
Lapita navigators explored in only one direction – south-east, against the prevailing trade winds. All island groups in island Melanesia and West Polynesia that lie in a south-east direction have Lapita settlements. None of these settlements have been found on other islands.
At predictable times each year the trade winds would reverse from south-easterly to westerly. At these times canoes could set off with the wind behind them, and explore to the east. When the winds reverted to south-easterly, a safe return could be made.

The exploration strategy was to search and return. All the occupied island groups acted as broad safety nets for returning canoes.

East to the empty Pacific
The last migrations were to the distant points of Polynesia – Hawaii, Easter Island and New Zealand – and to South America.

The eastern Pacific is virtually empty and huge areas of ocean had to be crossed to find remaining islands. The chance of any voyage resulting in a new discovery was low. It would have been pointless to send migratory canoes carrying people, plants and animals. Probably, exploring voyagers made discoveries and then returned home. Migrating voyagers could then set off, sailing directly to known destinations.

The further east you sail in the Pacific the more difficult it is to navigate. Over time, voyagers had learnt how to navigate this part of the ocean. Computer-simulated voyages suggest that homecoming canoes must have been increasingly reliant upon latitude sailing: returning navigators would use zenith stars (which at their highest point shine directly over a known island) to reach the latitude of their destination while still upwind of it. They would then run downwind to reach the island.

In prehistoric voyages from central East Polynesia to islands at its distant margins, canoes generally made round trips. The prevailing winds did not normally allow voyagers to return directly so they stopped at islands along the way, or used different weather systems.

Southward to New Zealand
New Zealand, isolated far to the south, was the last substantial land mass to be reached. Lying in a band of prevailing westerly winds far south of the tropics, it presented a severe challenge to Polynesian navigators.

A good way to reach the country was to sail with easterly tail winds across the top of an anti-clockwise rotating high-pressure system. Early summer, before the cyclone season, is an ideal time to make the journey. Two replica canoes, Hōkūle‘a and Hawaiki nui, did just this in November 1985. Another approach is to use northerly winds on the leading edge of an advancing frontal system or those behind a high-pressure system, which happens about once a week.

Exploring canoes may have followed migrating birds, as told in Māori tradition. The long-tailed cuckoo comes to New Zealand from tropical Polynesia in October, and shearwaters would have been observed flying south in September. People would have known that land lay in that direction, but not how far away it was. The first landfalls were probably on the northern North Island, with the rest of the country being explored later.

Māori Ancestors
At the time of New Zealand settlement, there was a voyaging and trading sphere in East Polynesia where ideas and cultural traits were shared and spread. All the available evidence of artefacts, language, biology and tradition suggests that this was the Māori homeland. It consists of the Society Islands, the southern Cook Islands and the Austral Islands in French Polynesia.

Even so, specific archaeological evidence is scarce. The shank of a fishing lure of black-lipped pearl shell, found at Tairua in the Coromandel, is one of a very few items from New Zealand archaeological sites that were actually brought from Polynesia.

It is unlikely that the ancestors of Māori came from only one particular location. DNA from New Zealand’s Pacific rat shows diverse lineages from the Society and Cook Islands. This suggests that several canoes came from a number of sources. They may have come over several generations, or even centuries. A study of human DNA also suggests that there was a minimum of 70–100 women as founding ancestors. Many canoes, possibly coming from several locations, would be needed to bring this number of people.

Return Journeys
For a time, the Kermadec Islands and Norfolk Island were occupied as stopover points for canoes returning to East Polynesia. There is also evidence of direct New Zealand–Norfolk connections. But when voyaging slowed, these stepping-stone islands were abandoned. They became part of the group of ‘mystery islands’ that showed evidence of habitation, but were empty when Europeans arrived. Once they stopped returning to Polynesia, the settlers in New Zealand were cut off from the outside world.

From Malay to Māori: language links
All Polynesian languages belong to the Austronesian language family, now the most widely dispersed in the world – from Madagascar to Easter Island. Words for outrigger canoes with sails and paddles can be traced from Near Oceania back through the ancestral languages of island South-East Asia. The Māori words waka (canoe) and ra (sail) have the same origin as the Malay words – wangka and layar.

http://www.maritimecookislands.com/the-wor...

It is logical to assume that any Muslim, from the time of the Messenger forward, could take the navigational knowledge of the time and use it and EXPAND on it. It is logical to assume that Muslims, from the time of the Messenger forward, were WORLD TRAVELERS and EXPLORERS and CIVILIZERS.

you are always the best at scholarship and science at BIA, and your research is impeccable.

can i theorize?

" that World Travelers, Explorers and Civilizers from Africa to Asia--1000-1491--- had visited most of the World Communities 1000-1491----and that Europeans who thought the Earth was flat in 1491; after learning navigational, scientific and cultural information from their association with African and Asian Scientists---- Set sail in 1492 from Europe and infected our African and American ancestors- 1492-1864--- with an Alien paganIdeology.?"

I like your theory Robert. Let's see what other evidence is out there... you have already provided lots of leads.

WOW, Steve---you are a Better Research than me, by miles

As research shows with the Great Oceanic Voyages of the Great African Empires above, and History of our African descendants shows that the first Call to Prayer that Bilal(ra) performed for the Believers in Meccah in the 7th Century was Also the First Monotheistic Call to Prayer performed in the Land that would be called America.

This is the one Robert, thanks. Now I have a WHOLE LOT of reading to do... (and now it IS bookmarked).

thank you harry for giving this Blog, the negro ghettoPotty Mouth effect

......Part 1,2,3 of this Blog give you Names and Dates of History and Interaction of The African and Asian Muslim Explorers and Scholars that had and RECORDED their Trips, Settlement and Meetings in the Atlantic Ocean, and North/South America.

Read and Learn Something of History, Scholarship and Science

we have and can go further in YOUR blogs of LOGIC, etc. with you on YOUR mindOnly things.

Have you ever wondered, Harry, how the WHOLE world was populated, starting from AFRICA, innumerable AGES before Columbus, WITHOUT crossing oceans?

back to our SUBJECT

again, Anyone wanting to go into other Subjects, OK, but lets go on another Blog----let us at least be concerned about History, Scholarship and Science of African Exploration of America BEFORE european...........

i apologize for not doing the Research necessary but let me just through out some subjects that i hope to cover in detail as the new year arrives.....

A. Around 762, Baghdad-Iraq became the intellectual capital of the empire and issued a request for books from throughout the world. Traders were given the weight of the book in gold. Over time, Baghdad accumulated a wealth of knowledge and many key geographical works from the Greeks and Romans.

B. With their extensive libraries, the Islaamic view of the world between 800 and 1400 was much more accurate than the european view of the world.

C. The Muslims were natural explorers since AlQur'aan mandated a Hajj to Makkah for every able-bodied Muslim at least once in their life. With thousands traveling from the farthest reaches of the Islaamic Empire; the Pacific to Makkah or the Atlantic to Makkah, dozens of travel guides were written to assist in the trip. Hajj during the seventh to tenth month of the Islaamic calendar each year led to further exploration beyond the ArabianAfrican Peninsula. By the eleventh century, Islaamic traders had explored the eastern coast of Africa to 20 degrees south of the Equator (near Mozambique).

D. Muslim astronomers were the first to establish observatories, like the one built at Mugharah by Hulagu, the son of Genghis Khan, in Persia, and they invented instruments such as the quadrant and astrolabe.

E. AlBiruni, a famous Muslim scholar of the 11th century, wrote a mathematical treatise on shadows that helped regulate sundials accurately and worked out that the earth is round and calculated its circumference. He also stated that the earth spins on its axis and rotates around the sun.

F. Giralda or “The Tower of Seville”, was the first observatory in Europe. It was built in 1190 A.D., in the ANDALUSIAN(modern Spain had ruled by Muslim Khalifah since the 8th Century) town of Seville under the supervision of the celebrated Mathematician, Jabir Ibn Afiah.

----All of these works Designed for Exploration and Navigation--Occured --600 six hundred years before Galileo.

G. These high technology works were used to determine the direction of Makkah from various locations, to improve navigation and surveying, and establishing correct time keeping and calenders. Using longitude and latitude, calculating the circumference of the Earth within a few hundred miles

H. AlIdrisi (1099-1166 or 1180) served of Sicily. He worked for King Roger II, the King in Palermo and wrote a geography of the world called 'Time to Think for Him Who Desires to Travel Around the World.' He determined the circumference of the earth to be about 23,000 miles (it is actually 24,901.55 miles).

I. 1099 - 1200 Period of course was the Period of total Mediterranean Authority, north, south, east and West by Muslim Navies and Navigators------

Steve,

have you ever wonder how Black Americans got here on this continent and in this country of White America?

Robert,

It is easy, convenient and a lie to say the proof that the Africans and Arabs were capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean were mentioned in part 1,2,3 and 4.

You are a liar and will say anything to favor your belief.

Robert, great scholarship, fascinating. Once again, many many thanks.

Harry, we have computers, we can do the research. You have called Robert a liar. Now come with your proofs, as you like to say.

hey, thats OK steve, Harry has called me worse and of course he HAS to call me a LIAR.

This History, Scholarship and Science of Muslims from China and West Africa Crossing the Oceans as early as the 8th Century, to influence and trade with American Natives from the Iroquois to the Pueblo to the Olmec, Mayan and Incas WOULD debunk harryBelief (that the european is the greatest and only maker of his ancestors, his 'black'Americans.)

but that is OK, harry lets discuss that on LOGIC or any of your posts.

lets leave this for the pursuit of nonEurocentric History, Scholarship and Science...

and

Dr. Barry Fell (Harvard University) introduced in his book Saga America – 1980 solid scientific evidence supporting the arrival, centuries before Columbus, of Muslims from North and West Africa. Dr. Fell discovered the existence of Muslim schools at Valley of Fire, Allan Springs, Logomarsino, Keyhole Canyon, Washoe and Hickison Summit Pass (Nevada), Mesa Verde (Colorado), Mimbres Valley (New Mexico) and Tipper Canoe (Indiana) dating back to 700-800.

Engraved on rocks in the old western USA, he found texts, diagrams and charts representing the last surviving fragments of what was once a system of schools – at both an elementary and higher levels.

The language of instruction was North African Arabic written with old Kufic Arabic script. The subjects of instruction included writing, reading, arithmetic, religion, geography, history, mathematics, astronomy, and sea navigation.

The descendants of the Muslim visitors of North America are members of the present Iroquois, Algonquin, Anasazi, Hohokam and Olmec native people.

I used Dr. Barry Fell of Harvard University and his Historical, Scholastic and Scientific findings for youHarry and other euroCentric thinkers -- cause youAll will not believe a thing unless the latinJesuser believers hear or Read it from one of your own Idols.

The Majority of my comments are based in the History, Scholarship and Science of nonEuropean slaverAmericana believers......

again, for your pottyMouth comments you may continue that line on YOUR 3000+ Blog---LOGIC........ok mr. harryWatley?

harry, i used drFell for the euroCentric believers

MOST of my writing here is FROM Islaamic History, Scholarship and Science.

Let us agree on similar History, Scholarship and Science items, OK?

you and many americans of europeanThinking BELIEVE and are CERTAIN

--- that Columbus sailed from the Iberian Peninsula around 1492 after the birth of Isa ibn Maryam --- i agree

----that the Iberian Peninsula was ruled by Muslims from North West Africa from 710-1491 after the birth of Isa ibn Maryam --- i agree

----that the Iberian Peninsula was ruled by Muslims from North West Africa from 710-1491 Enlightened, Educated and Civilized the 'barbarians'(HREmpire) of the Iberian Peninsula -OK

----that only after King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella received AID from the other European Monarchs were they able to OWN all of the Iberian Peninsula - i agree
(King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were from the Basque Northern Regions - which even 2012- many Basques and Spanish consider themselves different sovereign nations...and of course I must add here that in the Histories of the Muslims from North West Africa; they had internal issues AND left the Iberian Peninsula because of constant northern barbarian attacts)

euroCentric thinkers--- forget, dismiss or Block these FACTS, of 781 YEARS of the role AlIslaam played in Spanish European culture, as well as in American culture.

How many Latino/a people have you met with the name Omar, Fatuma, Maryam, Sofia, Salma, Medina, Yahaira and many more to write here?

How many times have you said or heard somebody say: "Ojala, Olee?" (Allaah)

WHERE would Navigation, Technology, Astronomy be WITHOUT the Arabic words brought before Columbus by the Muslims from North West Africa

AND by the majority ARABIC and HEBREW speaking CREW of Columbus that USED these arabic to spanish to English words

--- admiral, algebra, algorithm, algorism, alidade, arsenal, azimuth, carrack, cipher, decipher, nadir and many more.......? ALL of the above stated have Islaamic origins.

Regardless of what people think--- there was a paganChristian slaverAmericana1492-1864 period that was not GREAT for the African and Natives.

AND regardless of what harry or others might think----historians and laymen are now admitting that the History, Scholarship and Science of Muslims from North West Africa 710-1491 WAS a Glorious period for the Iberian Peninsula and the AMERICAS........

Many historians agree 2010-- that Muslims from North West Africa had direct contact with America way before Columbus's arrival.

Historians have found Islaamic inscriptions throughout Cuba, Mexico, and Texas that date back before 1492. In fact, the name "Cuba" comes from the same Arabic root as the word "Ka'bah."

There is a significant amount of evidence that shows that Muslims from North West Africa traveled to the Americas centuries before Columbus was even born.

According to Dr. Youssef Mroueh, "a careful study of the names of the native Indian tribes revealed that many names are derived from Arab and Islaamic roots and origins, LIKE Anasazi, Apache, Arawak, Arikana, Chavin Cherokee, Cree, Hohokam, Hupa, Hopi, Makkah, Mahigan, Mohawk, Nazca, Zulu, Zuni, and others too numerous."

Scientists have found Native American tablets with the Kufic inscriptions "Laa ilaaha illa llaah" on them. Other tablets found have Suratul Fatihah inscribed on them. All of these date back before the supposed "discovery" of the Americas.

this writing for me is long and strenuous AS the History, Scholarship and Science is mainly RECORDED in Arabic Books and Arabic is not my original language, bear with me......

dr.Artis --- i guess you missed this Posting..................

@Robert
The crossing to the Americas occurred over 2700 years ago by the Phoenicians.

Locate a map of Phoenicia...... the geography of lands of Canaan-Israel, Lebanon, Syria..FACT !!!!

During King Solomon reign the Phoenician sailors brought back precious minerals, birds, and agricultural products to his trading posting througout the Middle East, Northern Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and Central Africa, especially Congo where "King Solomon" owned many gold mines there too.

Take a bow Robert Powell for presenting historical FACTS!!!!!

The Muslims did cross the Americans in the 8 Century.

Robert,

What you posted has nothing to do with Black Americans because Black Americans did not exist back then. It also have nothing to do with Black Americans having our own prophet, religion and religious book.

I am not interest in the history of other people. Talk about Black Americans and our future since Saint and you re Black Americans, please!

There are absolutely no evidence that Arabian people stepped foot on this North American continent. You all are liars and would believe any lie that supports your belief in other people than your own selves. You all are stupid.

What did the Arabian build and leave here as the Spaniards and the European people did?

You all are stupid!

SUBJECT TITLE:"the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491"

Absolutely Yaiqab --- ok-----For all we know yes THOUSANDS of YEARS ago, Ayoob(as) could have been swallowed by a WHALE off of Baja California or Nuh(as) DID go to the Amazon to collect the creatures of Allaah.....

Phoenicians, aluets, hawaiians, Chinese all LOVED Oceans

----America needs SOME history of the GREATNESS of the lands where the African American originated westAfrica----most Americans be they, of europeanAfrican do not RESPECT each other, we have had an issue since 1492-1864(1964)...with the Foolisness of colorWorship 'blackWhiteGawdISM'-----and its Psychological ignorantRetardation ---- AS presented eloquently by our own BIA noOTHER History, selfProfessed 68 IQist......

I wasn't here ... YES I missed this... I will have questions once I read through all of this... Thanks... Robert...

ok... Im taking small bites at a time...
((Columbus admitted in his papers that on Monday, October 21, 1492 while his ship was sailing near Gibara on the northeast coast of Cuba, he saw a mosque on the top of a beautiful mountain. ))


It was documented that Africans had already been to parts of the US , the Natives showed them hospitality and the African (Moors) showed the Natives some of their customs..

WAY before Columbus and the Pilgrims - came to the Americus.

SUBJECT:"the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491"

AlIslaam is the Vital Part of the History of African and American ancestors.....

AlIslaam is the Monotheistic Thought of the Creator of Adaam(as) and the Way of Life of the Family of Adaam(as)----sweetIrma---THAT MEANS EVERYTHING the humanBeing needs

as for yourGuy --- he represents the thieves, kidnappers and exploiters of division, disunited and FALSEHOOD of the europeanHistory of our America

My scholarship says this is where the parallelisms and similarities among all three religions stop. Islam and Christianity break away from Judaism when they acknowledge the holiness and righteousness of Christ. All three share a belief in Moses, but only two share a belief in the truth of Christ. The similarities between Christianity and Islam come to an end as well, when Islam breaks away from the parallelisms and acknowledges the Holy Prophet of Islam as a true prophet of God who came after Christ to bring God's final law for the guidance of all mankind. Both Judaism and Christianity reject this claim. Hence, the religions split apart, and their similarities end when they begin to differ in opinion regarding Christ and Muhammad (peace be on them). Only Islam acknowledges the divine selection and prophethood of all three personages, while the other two do not.

All three religions do not share common beliefs after the belief in Moses. Islam acknowledges all three, Christianity acknowledges two, and Judaism only one.

Yet all are deeply rooted in the fabric of monotheism. It is this tradition that serves as the backbone for each religion. The covenant established by the patriarch Abraham, reinstated by Moses -- serves as the common link between three world religions. A close geographical and historical origin brings all three religions closer together, and under a unifying perspective. This feature is what makes the religions so remarkably similar.

The great tradition that gave raise to these three faiths traces its origin and birth to a tiny group of nomadic Hebrew people, simple in lifestyle and habits. It was not the product of imperial forces, or from great empires (Bid, page 56). The eventual products that formed as a result of this tradition came into being after a long period of time. It was a gradual and slow process -- not a quick period of religious upheaval and chaos. The time interval between the advent of Moses and Muhammad (peace be on them) was roughly nineteen centuries (1300 B.C. - 600 A.D.) -- a monumental amount of time to change and evolve in religion.

Nevertheless, a proper understanding of the origin of monotheistic belief enables one to clearly and understand to what extent Judaism, Christianity and Islam can be considered as part of the same religious and spiritual tradition: a tradition that dates back to the time of Abraham, simple nomad leading his flock of followers to a better homeland.

You cant prove me WRONG !

David,

That's just it: a monumental period of time 1300 BCE - 600 CE, 1900 years. And we can ad 600 CE - 2013 CE, another 1400 years. RELIGION EVOLVED. I would only disagree that Christianity is monotheistic. The EVOLUTION from Serapis (the Hellenistic man-god) to Christianity occurred over a period of 700 years, 300 BCE - 400 CE, from the start of the cult of Serapis to the destruction of the Serapeum by the Christians.

THATS ONE ANSWER NOW LET ROBERT ANSWER THE REST 1

dj -

SUBJECT is: the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491

you have had Blags where YOU de*****ate AlIslaam -- YET I AM BLOCKED --- and we can DEBATE yourWhatever there

BUT

i NEVER BLOCK because I am a MAN, not a child frightened of People

what a lightWeight thinker and nonREADER you are......

dj--you write: "My scholarship says" you have no Scholarship as YOU also WRITE:----"Islam and Christianity break away from Judaism when they acknowledge the holiness and righteousness of Christ.'

-------AlISLAAM has NO concept of christ OR a latinJesus------AS DOES JUDAISM

so Muslim and Jew ARE Consistent here.......antiTHESIS of latinJesus christ....

dj: writes---" Yet all are deeply rooted in the fabric of monotheism "

The Laws of Musa(as) are the FOUNDATION of MONOTHEISM and THE MUSLIM and Jew follow them 5000 YEARS ago and TODAY-2013

-------Law of Musa(as)----1. And God spoke all these words, saying, 2. “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3. “You shall have no other gods before me. 4–6. “You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God,visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.

-------the paganChristians took on the attributes of the paganGREEK and paganROMAN(menGawds, and STATUES and Pictures and IMAGES--the antiTHESIS of MosaicLaw)

paganChristianity, latinJesus ----- NEVER was MONOTHEISTIC............

The ONLY devolution of the Monotheistic Tradition OCCURED when Musa(as) came back with the COMMANDMENTS , the Law of Musa(as)

----and some of the 'jews' CHOSE, paganPharoah---animalWorship over the Rabbee that had just DESTROYED pharoah..selfProfessed king.......

they chose DESTRUCTION and the Monotheistic Tradition from the Creator of Adaam(as) then Developed and Finalized with AlQur'aan and the Sunnah of Mohamed(saw)----as the Way of Life that the Creator gave Adaam(as) WAS COMPLETED........

History, Scholarship and Science of Monotheism is Afro/Asian AND the Belief of those Africans that came to America BEFORE the europeans brought Africans as slaves......

history, scholarship and science of latinJesus is EUROPEAN ancestor that still troubles us with the IGNORANCE of ---'blackWhite'---WHAT?

ROBERT YOU COPY AND PASTE EVERYTHING your writing is of cartoon devil worship,no real facts just copy cartoon loony toon ,,you need to learn to study your no worst then Harry
repeating all over again with bs !

The word monotheism is derived from the Greek μόνος (monos)[5] meaning "single" and θεός (theos)[6] meaning "god".[7] The English term was first used by Henry More (1614–1687).[8]

My scholarship says this is where the parallelisms and similarities among all three religions stop. Islam and Christianity break away from Judaism when they acknowledge the holiness and righteousness of Christ. All three share a belief in Moses, but only two share a belief in the truth of Christ. The similarities between Christianity and Islam come to an end as well, when Islam breaks away from the parallelisms and acknowledges the Holy Prophet of Islam as a true prophet of God who came after Christ to bring God's final law for the guidance of all mankind. Both Judaism and Christianity reject this claim. Hence, the religions split apart, and their similarities end when they begin to differ in opinion regarding Christ and Muhammad (peace be on them). Only Islam acknowledges the divine selection and prophethood of all three personages, while the other two do not.

All three religions do not share common beliefs after the belief in Moses. Islam acknowledges all three, Christianity acknowledges two, and Judaism only one.

Yet all are deeply rooted in the fabric of monotheism. It is this tradition that serves as the backbone for each religion. The covenant established by the patriarch Abraham, reinstated by Moses -- serves as the common link between three world religions. A close geographical and historical origin brings all three religions closer together, and under a unifying perspective. This feature is what makes the religions so remarkably similar.

The great tradition that gave raise to these three faiths traces its origin and birth to a tiny group of nomadic Hebrew people, simple in lifestyle and habits. It was not the product of imperial forces, or from great empires (Bid, page 56). The eventual products that formed as a result of this tradition came into being after a long period of time. It was a gradual and slow process -- not a quick period of religious upheaval and chaos. The time interval between the advent of Moses and Muhammad (peace be on them) was roughly nineteen centuries (1300 B.C. - 600 A.D.) -- a monumental amount of time to change and evolve in religion.

Nevertheless, a proper understanding of the origin of monotheistic belief enables one to clearly and understand to what extent Judaism, Christianity and Islam can be considered as part of the same religious and spiritual tradition: a tradition that dates back to the time of Abraham, simple nomad leading his flock of followers to a better homeland.

You cant prove me WRONG !

SUBJECT is: the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491

whatever ------YOU, exBlog KING think-----YOU STILL CANNOT READ
i proved with the help of the internetPolice that you are not blog king.....

your antiIslaamic, antiMonotheistic SILLINESS can be debated at another site .....

.....BUT
--on this IMPORTANT SUBJECT-----you copied it as a blag for yourSelf? simpleMind....

i dont have to prove that what the euroCentric silliness youPASTE is wrong-----YOU verify me by using my subject and your unEducated responses to myWriting......

STAY on SUBJECT.......North and West African Muslims came to America before your paganViking Lords from Europe......

-----and this had been VERIFIED by Columbus seeing Muslims from AFRICA----praying in Masajid---- in the Americas.......and the MINING of Minerals in nativeAmerican lands by Muslims from Africa ------the West/North and MiddleEast African Nations.........

on another note-------Geographically ---many cartographers....claim that Africa INCLUDES the Present nations of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman and the Emirates....as well as morocco to egypt to capetown..............

ROBERT YOU COPY AND PASTE EVERYTHING your writing is of cartoon devil worship,no real facts just copy cartoon loony toon ,,you need to learn to study your no worst then Harry
repeating all over again with bs !

ROBERT YOU COPY AND PASTE EVERYTHING your writing is of cartoon devil worship,no real facts just copy cartoon loony toon ,,you need to learn to study your no worst then Harry
repeating all over again with bs ! Wednesday, March 20th 2013 at 10:28PM
David Johnson | delete | block member

how WEAK?????????------this is ALL you have to COMMENT on the SUBJECT------howIgnorant

SUBJECT: "the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491"

exBlog KING-----i reWrite BECAUSE i know that you CANNOT READ and i, agree with Dr. Thomasena Martin-Johnson ----in the belowComments to david johnson?

We don't know whether any of it happened. ...... prove to me that you know what you are talking about. I was responding to the term slave as we know of it today. Look in the mirror for DUMB, sir. Any way I was not talking to you because you are a broken record and don't know what you are talking about 99.99% of the time. ........keep your garbage to yourself. Any way, David and the rest...I stand by my statement.
Sunday, October 31st 2010 at 4:50PM -----Thomasena Martin-Johnson

your Issues are that you cannot Read, Think, Debate OR follow BIA Preamble

and

in my opinion, yourPastings and vileFilthy WRITING are not FOLLOWING the BIA Preamble, BIA Rules for the African America Families to SMASH oldeIgnorant Racist Stereotypes AND that yourWritings are FURTHURING oldeIgnorant Racist American Stereotypes and grossly misconceived.........

yourOlde ideas are the IMPETUS for myWritings

the commend the administrators of BIA, for their Forum for African American Families to stop and SMASH--- oldeRacist antiIslaamic, antiMonotheistic BELLIGERENCE -LIKE YOU

as youAll oldies Teacher would write:
-----"Adam: Let me explain to you how a lie works. First, those telling the lie must first convince themselves that the lie they seek to tell...is in fact 'Truth'. The people writing what you have posted below are no less victims of their ignorance of the historical record as were the many on this page. Here's the problem Adam, and until you understand this....it will be difficult for you or anyone who does not understand this to ....move forward. I will describe the quicksand you are sinking in.You are now falling victim to your former training...making your self prone for defeat in debate.
Tuesday, November 2nd 2010 at 6:44PM Christine Govenor

again for the 21,258,691st TIME

----let US Debate in the olde Negro College Style---championed by the GREATEST debater in American History----Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall

BACK to SUBJECT-----

1178 CE -- Muslims Explore America

Muslims have exerted a great and largely unrecognized impact on American society, beginning with their exploration of America more than 300 years prior to the "discovery" of the "New World" by Christopher Columbus.

The Muslim explorers accessed the interior of the continent by using the Mississippi River. The traces of their early presence may be found in the architecture and calligraphy of towns such as St. Augustine, Florida (America's oldest town), in the names of islands such as Islamadora, and in the customs of the American Indians.

Some little known but very intriguing statistics follow:

In 1178, a Chinese document known as the Sung Document records the voyage of Muslim sailors to a land known as Mu-Lan-Pi (America). This document is mentioned in The Khotan Amirs, published in 1933.

Abu Bakari, a Muslim king from the Malian Empire, leads a series of nautical voyages to the New World in 1310.

In 1312, African Muslims from Mandinga arrive in the Gulf of Mexico and explore the American interior via the Mississippi River.

Harvard Linguist Barry Fell in his work Saga America points to evidence of a Muslim's presence in various parts of the Americas. In addition to drawing several cultural parallels between West African peoples and certain "Indian" peoples of the southwest, Fell points out that the southwest's Pima people possessed a vocabulary which contained words of Arabic origin. The presence of such words among the Pima is compounded by the existence of Islamic petrogyphs in places like California. Fell informs us that in Inyo county, California, there exists an early American petrogyph (rock carving) which states in Arabic: "Yasus ben Maria" ("Jesus, Son of Mary"), a phrase commonly found within the surahs of the Holy Qur'an. Fell is convinced that this glyph is many centuries older than the U.S. Fell also identifies the Algonquian language as having words with Arabic roots, especially words which pertained to navigation, astronomy, meteorology, medicine, and anatomy. The presence of such words again illustrates significant cultural contact between the American "Indians" and the Arabic-speaking peoples of the Islamic world. Such Islamic peoples evidently came primarily from the African continent as additional evidence suggests.

Dr. Ivan Van Sertima in They Came Before Columbus outlines evidence of ancient and early African contacts in the American continent. Among the items of evidence which Van Sertima unveils is the presence of African Muslim surnames among American "Indian" peoples. Van Sertima points out that Ges, Zamoras, Marabitine, and Marabios are a few of the names with clear transcontinental links. Of particular interest however, are the names "Marabitine" and "Marabios" which relate to "Marabout" (Murabit); the "Holy Men and Women" of the Moorish Empire. The Marabouts were the protectors of African Muslim frontiers. They are often remembered for having acted as buffers against Catholic/European encroachment.

In Panama and Colombia there were rulers ("princes") whom the invading Catholic Spaniards recognized as having "completely Moorish or Biblical" names: such as "Do-Bayda" and "Aben-Amechy." Even in the Caribbean, the evidence of a significant Muslim presence can be found. P.V. Ramos points out in African Presence in Early America, that Christopher Columbus' own impression of the "Carib" peoples was that they were "Mohammedans". Ramos says that the dietary restrictions of the Carib were similar to those of Islamic peoples and this provided one reason for such an impression.

This is African American History

this is dumb racial and RACIST IGNORANCE of paganISLAM slaverAmericana made you 'blackNONSENSE'

go to a bozo, cartoon wwwebSITE.....this is an African American Family wwwebsite......

read a book ,,,learn something ,,,foolish ,cartoon writer ,,,,roberta p, powder puff

*********************************************************************
"this is dumb racial and RACIST IGNORANCE of paganISLAM slaverAmericana made you 'blackNONSENSE' ...go to a bozo, cartoon wwwebSITE.....this is an African American Family wwwebsite...... read a book ,,,learn something ,,,foolish ,cartoon writer ,,,,roberta p, powder puff

Friday, December 6th 2013 at 9:59PM
David Johnson | delete | block member

"OOPS ROBERT...LOOKS LIKE MY COMMENT WAS READ BEFORE YOU DELETED IT...BETER LUCK NEXT TIME...OOPS BUT ROBERT NEVER DOES ANY THING DISPLEASIN TO ALLAH SO IT IS PLEASING HE GETS CAUGHT FAILING TO SURVIVE..LOL!!!(SMILE)"
Friday, December 6th 2013 at 10:14PM
Irma Robinson | delete | block member
*********************************************************************************************

the david and Irma --- writers can only respond to African Asian History with racistlyIGNORANT and dumb comment........from some Eurocentric thinker

reminds me of the Solomon("12years a slave")----Luxury dinner with two paganChristians

david and Irma AND other negros or the "500+ years a Slaves"

Learn something African Asian someday --- and stop living the paganChristian life.........

Very interesting Robert. Some time ago, I came across information that substantiated your premise of the Americas being visited by Muslim adventurers. Check this out, T-ALLAH-ASSEE, Florida. It is my understanding that a Muslim(s) Explorer named this city in Florida. Can you(we) verify this?

Great to see your comments again, Earl

As the English Transliterated from Arabic words is many times taken from the dialects, alphabets or languages of Different People --- sometimes it is difficult to gauge and understand those transliterations from European languages.....

example, Koran, quran, AlQuraan -- Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed, Mehmet(All are the same Meaning--in Arabic but different languages and cultural transliterations are different)

Ta Allaah ---- is a phrase in Arabic that is VERY important

Assee --- could be an ending meaning MINE.........or MANY

I will look closer at this and speak with Arabic Native Speakers and will try and get back ASAP

Also the name could just be naturally Spanish as Spanish language is Greatly influenced by Native Arabic and n/wAfrican languages as 750-1490 Spain was goverened by Muslims.....

I have posted the following before regarding the Dominicas

History of Islam in the DR

It may come as a surprise to many, but the history of Islaam in the Dominican Republic began with the importation of African slaves during the DR’s colonial period. Spanish conquistadors, led by Christopher Columbus, landed on Hispaniola in 1492, and by 1502 had entered into slave trading. Historians have established that the presence of Islaam was already substantial in West Africa during the 16th century, and this was where early colonizers bought most of their slaves.

The Wolof Muslims from West Africa is believed to be among the first group of slaves transported to the New World. As the slave trade grew, colonizers imported a new group with its own customs and beliefs, such as Islaam, to the New World. The presence of West African slaves with Muslim ties would quickly be seen as problematic. Resistance by the slaves was first recorded in 1503 when Nicolas de Ovando wrote to Spanish Queen Isabella requesting that she prohibit further shipments to the colony of people with connections to Islaam. However, the demand for slaves was so strong that no one heeded the Spanish governors pleas’ to stop importing Muslims. Although these new imports to the Americas arrived with a rich and ancient culture, repression and forced conversions into Catholicism gradually diluted the original cultural, identity and religions of the remaining Muslim slave inhabitants on Hispaniola.

Wolof slaves stopped being imported from Africa in 1522 after the first large-scale slave revolt in the Americas was led by a group of Muslims. The revolt occurred on the sugar plantation of Admiral Don Diego Colon, son of Christopher Columbus. By 28 December 1522 the slaves reached the cattle ranch of Melchior de Castro, but the success of the revolt was limited. Eventually, the slaves were met by European militiamen, and the revolt was subsequently thwarted. This revolt would mark the end of Muslim importation on the island and would guarantee a diminution of the Muslim presence for years to come.

to the "historical" sweetIrma

just as the paganChristian European barbarians used their Neanderthal racistMinds to makeUP the beauty of AtTaurat and AlInjeel----they also misunderstood AlQur'aan WHICH was available to them......

The 1864 Slave, that chose paganChristianity could have chosen his OWN historical, africanAsian Roots

SO as the FIRST line of this blog states:

---Lets start to LIVE up to the Preamble of BIA and "to thine own self be TRUE

BIA asks African American Families to Stop the stereotypes and misconceptions---and this blog wants to do that---to follow TRUE history of AfricanAsians

OOPS ROBERT...LOOKS LIKE MY COMMENT WAS READ BEFORE YOU DELETED IT...BETER LUCK NEXT TIME...OOPS BUT ROBERT NEVER DOES ANY THING DISPLEASIN TO ALLAH SO IT IS PLEASING HE GETS CAUGHT FAILING TO SURVIVE..LOL!!!(SMILE)

@ROBERT, I STILL AM TRYING TO FIND HOW THE THEME OF THIS BLOG FITS IN WITH MY PEOPLE'S HISTORY IN AMERICA AT A-L-L...BUT YOU DO NEVER ALLOW TRUTH AND FACTS TO STAND IN YOUR WAY AS YOU REINVENT HISTORY NOW DO YOU ROBERT? (OTFL) (SMILE)...

OR ROBERT, EVEN AMERICA HISTORY...

@ROBERT, I STILL AM TRYING TO FIND HOW THE THEME OF THIS BLOG FITS IN WITH MY PEOPLE'S HISTORY IN AMERICA AT A-L-L...BUT YOU DO NEVER ALLOW TRUTH AND FACTS TO STAND IN YOUR WAY AS YOU REINVENT HISTORY NOW DO YOU ROBERT? (OTFL) (SMILE)...

OR ROBERT, EVEN AMERICA HISTORY...

@ROBERT, YOU CAN NOT EVEN SHAPE MUHAMMAD WITHOUT YOUR BEING INFLUENCED BY TRADING WITH BUDDHISM AND HAVING BEEN AFFECTED BY THEM NO MORE THAN YOU CAN SAY NO CHRISTIANS AS CHRISTIANS TRY TO DENY JESUS WAS A JEW THEREFORE NO ONE IS AFFECTED /INFLUNCED BY CONTACT WITH ANYONE ELSE...PLEASE DID YOU HAVE 'LIFE AFTER DEATH BEFORE' STONEHEDGE HAS BEEN CARBAN DATED AS OLDEER THAN ISLAM?!? WHICH GETS US RIGHT BACK TO EGYPT AND EGYPT IS IN AFRICA ALTOUGH IT IS DENIED THAT MOSES IS 'AFRICAN...BUT AS YOU DO ROBEERT BEST...JUST REINVENT ME AND WHAT IT IS I SAY SO IT FITS YOUR PROOFS. (S-M-I-L-E)

...Me, "I" am into oral history, big time.LOL!!! (smile)

"I" am also grateful that the powers that be believed they had distroyed all of our recorded history....how in thehell did they build those Pyramids, do sucessul brain opertions, how did so many women not die from germs in child birth????...

..@Harry get over it as Africans were brought to America as enduntered servents to teach the Man hosw to grow rice and what about all of tose African-americans who were plantation and slave owners...the MAN has not taught you this, but not to worryas Arizoan is not going to be able to ban our history and Tx will not be able to sop you from voting in my home state then maybe you will still be able to be on a Black social website, because romney will not be able to ban these stes on dayone. (rotflmao)(smile)

oh, and Harry if you don't vote then you loose all rights to have your nation in america, because you must be a part of the government to get that right or did you not know this either and only the stupid people know tings like this?...and by the way Harry did you pay your taxes...becaue if you don;t pay taxas because you have no earnings then again you have no rights at all because you are a bum in America either according to those who run this nation...looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool...

@robert, be careful with the lower and higher self, ect. as this is Buddhism.lol(smile)

a few months ago they did some dna test on some Natie-Americans who say they are decendants of Jews, but their dna did not match...no tis did not stop themfrom beig who and what they are...as DNA testing gets more advance they will be tested again...."I" love science and if I were not so bad at doing mat, I woulld have been a scientist studyig the stars. I lived for this career as a child.

My class graduated to soon at UCD as some students go to go to the digs in Egypt to prove slaves were not used to build those pyramids which turned ot to be true from what was found at those digs. Students cn goto Cuba to work in the cane fields (don't tell the Republicans.lol (smile)We have close ties to those islands as they were where we were first taken to before America to get our Africn will knocked out of us...(smile)

@David, it is just too, too bad that you seem to have no way of understanding the choice of your doing ones thinking and drawing conclusions for them is no diffferent tahn robert's doing this for them...and I do hope, chant(pray) that my choice to say this is not a personal attack on you or anyone else...

and, that you may even be able to put it under the catigory of " freedom of speech...freedom of thought...freedom to be the best person I can be at this time...thus allowing me the right legally and morally to correct my mistakes and grow from them. (smile)

...oops, full disclosure...

when "I" say white, I mean something/someone out there in full control of me physically and mentally and spiritually under the guise of pure, noble and therefor me. Not skin color as I doubt if there are any unmixed races today. But more like our president would not be having it so hard from even us if his skin color was taht of his mothers. YOU KNOW HIS WHITE SINGLE MOTHER AND GOD HELP HIM IF SHE HAD BEEN A BLACK SINGLE MOTHER, HELL WE WOULD BE TAKING TH ELEAD TO NOT VOTE FOR HIM, RIGHT?!? (NUP)(smile)

..."I" shall repeat, "I" am a NDB plus I am the only expert on me therefore no one allows me to do/ to not do anything as all I am comes from inside of me not out there...I have no god taht can be seen or waited for or on this site, male/female and certainly not White.!!! lol!!! (smile)

Me, I am more familiar with the knowledge of the Crucades that cleared it prisons of the most hightst rated criminals named them th eKnights Templar who ENDED UP more powerful and richer that the kings and yes the Vatican who brought theminto existance to do GOD"S biddings and in doing so brought us as mankind out of the dark ages via science, the written alpabets and math and physics, logical thinkings ect....

It is such a shame that our today's Knights Templar are our lobby brought and paid for politicians, those who worship at the alters of: greed, prejudging, skincolor, and the teachings of we are a Christian nation that has us now in the 21st century right back into the Dark ages. (nup)

ROMNEY FOR PRESIDENT...

@Harry, has the 'history' of your nation, begun yet? (smile)

Yes although Spain was under Muslim contorl for boio generations we still chose to believe there was zero influence on this nation...

too bad so many of us still believe this nonesense! (nup)

and, robert you are surely not going to end this all here are you, "I" am in heaven when I learn things new. lol (smile)

@ROBERTI WONDER WHY YOU SEE OUR PEOPLE SHAPING THE WORLD ESPECIALLY THE MUSLIMS YOU MUST TRY AND DISTROY AS A GOAL IN YOUR DAILY LIFE...

LAST NIGHT I LEARNED BY REEDUCATION THAT THE KNOWN WORLD AT THE TIME OF ISLAM'S CREATION BECAME THE FASTEST GROWNING RELIGION NOT BY WAYOF KILLING ALL WHO REFUSED TO CONVERT TO ISLAM...BUT ISLAM BECAME THE FASTEST GROWING AS A DIRECT RESULT TO TEACHING NATIONS HOW TO BECOME MORE SECURE AND STABLE BY WAY OF A BETTER ECONOMIC SYSTEM ...

THAT WAS THEN AND NOW INMODERN DAYS YOU ARE SEEKING THE DISTRRUCTION OF THIS SAME ECONOMIC SYSTEM BY FARRAKHAN...EDUCATE!!!EDUCATE!!!EDUCATE!!! (NUP/ SMILE)

20 more COMMENTS?

AGAIN, all your comments(100s) recorded on

Thursday, April 10th 2014 at 6:47PM
ROBINSON IRMA | delete | block member
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ON this BLOG you have Defiled, *****ized a REAL educational subject----YOU STINK

but you have STEVE? or the other antiIslaamic writer--- to help you on the first 7-8 comments ---

"...oops, full disclosure...when "I" say white, I mean something/someone out there in full control of me physically and mentally and spiritually under the guise of pure, noble and therefor me. Not skin color as I doubt if there are any unmixed races today. But more like our president would not be having it so hard from even us if his skin color was that of his mothers..."

Thursday, April 10th 2014 at 6:47PM
ROBINSON IRMA | delete | block member
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then back to your IGNORANT nonSPELL CHECK self

"@ROBERTI WONDER WHY YOU SEE OUR PEOPLE SHAPING THE WORLD ESPECIALLY THE MUSLIMS YOU MUST TRY AND DISTROY AS A GOAL IN YOUR DAILY LIFE... LAST NIGHT I LEARNED BY REEDUCATION THAT THE KNOWN WORLD AT THE TIME OF ISLAM'S CREATION BECAME THE FASTEST GROWNING RELIGION NOT BY WAYOF KILLING ALL WHO REFUSED TO CONVERT TO ISLAM...BUT ISLAM BECAME THE FASTEST GROWING AS A DIRECT RESULT TO TEACHING NATIONS HOW TO BECOME MORE SECURE AND STABLE BY WAY OF A BETTER ECONOMIC SYSTEM ......EDUCATE!!!EDUCATE!!!EDUCATE!!!"

Thursday, April 10th 2014 at 6:47PM
ROBINSON IRMA | delete | block member

AlIslaam

---- is an English/European transliteration of an Arabic/AfricanAsian Word that means the Way that the Creator of Adaam(as) Created

as for your:---

"@ROBERT, YOU CAN NOT EVEN SHAPE MUHAMMAD WITHOUT YOUR BEING INFLUENCED BY TRADING WITH BUDDHISM"

Thursday, April 10th 2014 at 6:47PM
ROBINSON IRMA | delete | block member

AlIslaam Started a Practice in 630+ CALLED Haj

---Muslims from ALL over the Earth(Atlantic to Pacific) come together for the Creator of Adaam(as) and the Sharing of Brotherhood/Sisterhood in the Family of Adaam(as)

AND----your above writing of:

"LAST NIGHT I LEARNED BY REEDUCATION THAT THE KNOWN WORLD AT THE TIME OF ISLAM'S CREATION BECAME THE FASTEST GROWNING RELIGION NOT BY WAYOF KILLING ALL WHO REFUSED TO CONVERT TO ISLAM"

Thursday, April 10th 2014 at 6:47PM
ROBINSON IRMA | delete | block member

that COMMENT?----MAKES no Sense in History, Scholarship and Science

learn something, sometime ----- the following Title is for you:

Sûrat AlAn’âm
(The Cattle, The Big Docile Ones) VI

In the Name of Allâah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

1. All praises and thanks be to Allâah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and originated the darkness and the light.
Yet those who disbelieve hold others as equal with Raabbee.

2. He it is Who has created you from clay/water, and then has decreed a stated term for you to live and die.
There is from your Creator; another determined term for you to be Resurrected, yet you might doubt Raabbee(Lord) about your Resurrection.

3. He is Allâah, to be worshipped Alone, in the Heavens and on the Earth; He knows What you conceal or reveal, and He knows what you earn, good or bad.

111. Even if We had sent down to Mankind:
AlMalaaeeka(angels), and the dead had spoken to them, and had gathered together all things before their eyes, they would not have believed,
unless Allâah willed, but most of them behave ignorantly.

112. So We have appointed for every Prophet; enemies - Shayâtîn (devils) among Mankind and jinn, inspiring - entertaining one another with fabricated made up speech - stories as a delusion for deception.
If Raabbee had so willed, they would not have done it; So leave them alone with their fabrications.

113. This will reveal that the hearts of those who disbelieve in the Hereafter may/will incline to deceit, and that they may/will be pleased with their shame, and that they may commit all kinds of sins, crimes, untruths and evil things.

114. Mohamed, "Shall I seek a judge other than Allâah while it is He Who has sent down unto you AlQur’âan, explained in detail."
Those to whom We gave AtTaurât and AlInjeel know that it is revealed from Raabbee in Truth.
So do not be of those who doubt.

115. The Word of Raabbee has been fulfilled in truth and in justice. None can change His Words; He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.

116. If you obey Most of those on the earth, they will mislead you far away from Allâah’s Path.
They follow conjectures only, and they do nothing but lie.

117. Raabbee! It is He Who knows best who strays from His Way, and He knows best the rightly guided ones.

steveAdam or some other Cartoon has given me technical problems but the internet is forever science..

AND ****************************************************************************

The great Muslim historian and geographer, Abu AlHasan AlMasudi wrote in 956 of a voyage in 889 from AlAndaluus (Muslim European Iberian Peninsula 711-1492). The voyage sailed for months westward. They eventually found a large landmass across the ocean where they traded with the natives, and then returned to Muslim European Iberian Peninsula.

AlMasudi records this land across the ocean in his famous map and refers to it as “the unknown land”.

Two more voyages from Muslim European Iberian Peninsula to the Americas are recorded in history. One was in 999 and was led by Ibn Farrukh, from Granada. The other is recorded by the genius mind of the geographer AlIdrisi, who worked in the multi-cultural and religiously tolerant Sicily of King Roger II in the 1100s. He wrote of a group of Muslims who sailed west from Lisbon for 31 days and landed on an island in the Caribbean. They were taken prisoner by the Natives on that island for a few days.

Eventually, they were freed when a translator who lived among the natives that spoke Arabic arranged for their release. They eventually sailed back to Muslim European Iberian Peninsula and told their tale. The important part of this account is the existence of an Arabic speaker among the natives, indicating that there must have been more unrecorded contact between the African Arab world and the Americas.

Atlantic AfricaAsia

There is another part of the Muslim world that had contact with the Americas before Columbus. In West Africa in the 1300s, a powerful and incredibly wealthy empire called Mali existed.

The most famous leader of this empire was Mansa (king) Musa.

The most memorable event of his reign was his epic Hajj journey in 1324. The caravan of over 60,000 people made an impression everywhere they went, including Egypt, where Mansa Musa told the story of how he came to power. His brother, Abu Bakr was the Mansa before he was. During his reign, Abu Bakr sent a fleet of 400 ships to explore the Atlantic Ocean. Only 1 ship returned, but reported that they found a land across the ocean. Mansa Abu Bakr then outfitted a fleet of 2000 ships, which he sailed with personally, that sailed west into the ocean. They were never heard from again.

While there is no record in Mali(frenchColonialists raided the Libraries) of the result of that voyage, there is evidence of their arrival in the Americas. There are numerous archaeological sites in North and South America that attest to that Malian presence.

Early Spanish explorers and pirates recorded abandoned cities in Brazil that had inscriptions identical to the language of the Mandinka (the people of Mali). More inscriptions in the Mandinka language were found in the United States as well. Near the Mississippi River, many inscriptions exist that recorded their exploration of the Americas. In Arizona, an inscription was found that reads “The elephants are sick and angry. At present there are many sick elephants”. This inscription also includes a rough sketch of an elephant. Elephants are not native to the Americas. They were brought by the Mandinka to the Americas, and the inscriptions are proof of Mansa Abu Bakr’s successful journey over 100 years before Columbus.

What technical problems?

SUBJECT TITLE:

"......the World that was shaped by African and American ancestors---- 800-1491......"

and the BIA 'selfProfessed whiteMan'....GenesisDNA of Misconception and "technical problems" in the False narrative of the History, Scholarship and Science of the African American writes......

"......What technical problems?....."

Sunday, December 28th 2014 at 4:35AM
Steve Williams

********************************************

Again steveAdam the Internet is Forever and Full of googles of Knowledge.....

***************************************************************

History, Scholarship, Science and Technology

It was during the African Asian Islaamic Era (750-1100) that scholarship into the shape and size of the earth began.

The debate, instead, was about exactly how large the earth was!

In the early 800s, the Abbasid Caliph AlMa’mun assembled the brightest minds of the day (etal.. AlKhawarizmi) in Baghdad who calculated the earth’s circumference and were off by only 4% of it’s actual size.

Many Muslims from Africa Asia, Atlantic to the Pacific have traveled the world, hundreds of years before slaverAmericana 1492-1864(1964)

*****************************************************************

The proof of these voyages is in front of us, in 'black and white'.

********************************************************************************

The great Muslim African Asian historian/geographer, Abu AlHasan AlMasudi wrote in 956 of a voyage in 889 across the Atlantic from AlAndalus.

The voyage sailed for months westward. They eventually found a large landmass across the ocean where they traded with the natives, and then returned to AlAndalus.

Two more voyages to the Americas are recorded in history.

One was in 999 and was led by Ibn Farrukh, from Granada.

The other is recorded by the genius mind of the geographer AlIdrisi, who worked in the Multi-cultural and religiously tolerant Universities in Sicily of King Roger II in the 1100s.

He wrote of a group of Muslims who sailed west from Lisbon for 31 days and landed on an island in the Caribbean.

They were taken prisoner by the Native Americans on that island for a few days.

They were freed when a translator who lived among the natives that spoke Arabic arranged for their release.

They eventually sailed back to AlAndalus and told their tale.

The important part of this account is the existence of an Arabic speaker among the natives, indicating that there must have been more unrecorded contact between the Arab World of Africa Asia and Europe with the Americas.

No technical problems that cannot be fixed

The Greatness of History as defined from the Belief of the Majority of AfricanAmerican Ancestors....

…..I will retire shortly and I will have available at Bookstores across USA...Powell's Books anywhere

A more comprehensive African Asian Historical Research-Scholarship and Science from the Vastness of

Mother African Asian Languages; Spanish, French, Arabic, Fulah, Hausa, and even….English

----Thank You all the B!A, African American Blog poets-writers for feeding me SO much style-substance

----Thank You all the B!A, African American Blockers/Deleters for pushing me harder against Cowards

What do you expect retirement will be like Robert?

…..I will be retiring from 4-5 AM riser...then out the door... for the past 20 years trying to help

organize, discipline and educate other People's K-12th graders

…..And Now I have chosen-suggested another person to do that.....2020-2021---->

I probably could NOT stay away if I stayed in Minnesota....I love them all too much....!

…...So I will go back to California and help my children and grandchildren; the same....to college

OR....being the old radical that I have always been; go sit on a beach by the Indian Ocean...…