THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

Have you ever wonder why so many of us Black American in the South had a Native American blood line?

Those who have native American bloodlines haven't revealed that they were puppet Masters during slavery. LOL Check out the American history books.

Native American Indians never owned slaves! The only people that owned slaves were the people that bought slaves from the slave traders and they were White Americans.

At Slave Auctions every six months a slave ship from Africa docked were White people buying slaves from the slave traders.

There were no imaginary Free Blacks and Native American Indians at these auctions buying Africans slaves!

We Black Americans think and reason ignorantly and stupidly!

The Blacks that were with different Native American Indian tribes escaped from the old White slave masters!

Harry,

Did you watch the young Sisters report?

I didn't watch the video because I can't imagine Native American having a need for slaves. They had no cotton fields or plantations. Common sense would tell you that if you're going to enslave a race of people, you don't give them a chance to gather together to form an army. duh....We do know that among the most prized slaves were the preachers.

Ms. Helen,

There is a high degree of intelligence in your post! You are intelligent and I wish you would use it more often.

When you said that you could not imagine the need for Native American Indians to have slaves since they had no cotton fields and plantations you showed that it is a blatant lie that Native American Indians owned slaves.

The White American people owned slaves because they have a need for slaves since they were the only ones that had cotton fields and plantations.

Lastly, you said that the most prized slaves were the preachers! You are absolutely right. But, what I don’t understand is why you would still be a Christian having this degree of intelligence.

Naturally, our prophet who must be a Black American definitely would not have the Christian religion! Our prophet will have our own religion named LIFE.

Ms. Helen, you have won the debate!

Mr. Deacon,

Because a video is on youtube doesn’t mean the video is right. All of these videos on youtube are the opinion of the one posting the video!

Frankly speaking their young lady in the video is an absolute knucklehead!

HARRY,

I did not ask you to give a value statement. I asked you did you see that video? If so, what makes the young Sister a absolute knucklehead! Explain that to me, can you do that?

Sister Lofton,

I thought the same way too until I came across this Video, which spark me to do a search on my own.

Take a look at the video and tell me what you think? Because my Common sense is pale in compare to American History dark, dark past.

Take a look, that's all I ask.

Mr. Deacon,

You seem to have a hard fu*king head! The concept that the Native American Indians owned slaves is ridiculous!

Helen gave a profound reason why she could not imagine the Native American Indians having slaves since they did not have cotton fields and plantations.

The reason I gave was that there were no Native American Indians buying slaves from the slave traders at the action block as the Whites were.

So the video don’t make a damn bit of difference against these two profound reasons given that the Native American Indians did not own any slaves.

What exactly is it Mr. Deacon do you want for your Black American people and your self from God and out of life by the doing of your own hands?

What exactly I want for my Black American people, you and myself is that we become a sovereign people in a country of our own with our own religion and prophet to brave the natural obstacles in creation and over come them using our brains which has no limit!

You are a very ignorant and stupid man because you cannot rationally reasoning and analytically think.

Stupid-ass hole, since your common sense is pale in compared to American history then don’t support these stupid concepts and post these stupid and ridiculous videos about Native American Indians and Free Blacks owning slaves! You are FU*KING STUPID!

You must abandon the Jewish Jesus and the White man’s Christian religion!

Harry,

The reason you don't know that the Indians had slaves is because you don't know history. When the Indians went to war they took captives and these became slaves. They enslaved each other as well as whites and blacks. When they arrived back at their villages these slaves were made to run the gauntlet, often at several villages along the way as well. You've heard of running the gauntlet right?

Steve,

I am not your prophet. This is not an ordinary dialogue that you can contribute to. This is a dialogue of descendents of plantation slaves getting our heads together! No people can help us except our prophet, God and then each other; Black Americans to Black Americans.

If we were talking about anything else besides our oppression and subjugation by White Americans you can contribute.

God will not allow us to use the input of any one that is not a Black American descendent of plantation slaves.

Last I checked Harry, this is Deacon's blog and the subject is Native Americans keeping slaves.

When the Pennsylvania naturalist William Bartram visited Cuscowilla, the capital of the Alachua Seminoles in the 1770s, he described a prosperous settlement, based upon agriculture, "innumerable droves of cattle" and "squadrons of the beautiful fleet Seminole horse." Bartram noted that the Seminoles' slaves were then defeated Yamasee Indians who kept their slave status for the rest of their lives. Although Bartram claimed they served Cowkeeper in "the most abject fear" he also noted they were permitted to marry Seminoles and that their children were born free and "considered in all respects equal" to the Seminoles.

Jane Landers
Black Society in Spanish Florida

HARRY’

YOU LISTEN TO ME RIGHT NOW my willing unconscious, comatose, insensible and mentally lifeless Brother, you don’t run a damn thing here on the blog, you don’t tell anyone who can or who cannot contribute to my blogs. You don’t limit what anyone any one can talk about on my blogs, DO YOU HEAR ME?

NOW GET YOUR HEAD OUT OF YOUR ASS HARRY and stop trying to use the tools of your leader the evil one, NO NOT HERE. This blog will run free with you or without your black ass, since this kind of talk, you understand. I don’t want to talk over your head HARRY, GOT IT?

Now back to "THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES." There is material in front of you right now, anyone care to comment?

Spanish officials in St. Augustine settled many of their new Indian allies in villages on the periphery of St. Augustine, generally grouping them by language. Perro Bravo lived at the Yamsee village of Pocotalaca (after Pocotaligo) and somehow claimed ownership of Francisco Menéndez and three other African “slaves” who after fighting with the Yamasee considered they had liberated themselves. One of Pero Bravo’s other slaves may have been Francisco Menéndez’s Mandinga wife, who fled with him from Carolina. Perro Bravo told Indians and Spaniards alike that if he were not paid for the slaves he would kill them, and that he had many other lands in which he could live.52 The threat apparently paid off, and at a meeting at the Indian village of Nombre de Dios, in the fall of 1718 the acting governor of Florida, Juan de Ayala y Escovar, purchased the endangered Africans for some corn and liquor. 53 Thus, in approximately two decades of his youth, Menéndez had experienced enslavement by Africans, Englishmen, Yamasees and Spaniards, with only a brief period of freedom during the Yamasee War.

http://tulane.edu/calendar/loader.cfm?csMo...

Good Post Deacon Gray!

Mr. Deacon,

I will not be making any more comments on this blog! You can continue your dialog with Steve Williams.

so the native americans had African slaves build their teepees?

so the native americans had African slaves sharpen their knives?

so the native americans had African slaves make their arrows?

so the native americans had African slaves impregnate their squaws?

AND

when a slave escaped from the campfire, the bounty hunters delivered the slave to the nearest teepee

Pleeeeze negros

- is this ANOTHER of the line of the deacb racistlyIgnorant "blogs of NONSENSE"

Native American slave ownership

Slavery existed among Native Americans before it was introduced by the Europeans, although it was unlike chattel slavery where slaves become the personal property of a master. In oral tradition, for instance, Cherokees recounted people being enslaved as the result of failure in warfare, and as a temporary status pending adoption or release. As the United States Constitution and the laws of several states permitted slavery, Native Americans were legally allowed to own slaves, including those brought from Africa by Europeans. Benjamin Hawkins was the federal agent assigned to the southeastern tribes in the 1790s and advised the tribes to take up slaveholding. The Cherokee tribe had the most members who held black slaves, more than any other Native American nation.

In colonial North America, the first exposure that Africans and Native Americans had to each other came from Africans being imported as laborers, both indentured servants and as slaves.[10] Records from the slavery period show several cases of brutal Native American treatment of black slaves. However, most Native American masters rejected the worst features of Southern practices. Federal Agent Hawkins considered the form of slavery the tribes were practicing to be inefficient because the majority didn't practice chattel slavery. Travelers reported enslaved Africans "in as good circumstances as their masters." A white Indian Agent, Douglas Cooper, upset by the Native American failure to practice more severe rules, insisted that Native Americans invite white men to live in their villages and "control matters." Though less than 3% of Native Americans owned slaves, racial bondage and pressure from European-American culture created destructive cleavages in their villages. Many had a class hierarchy based on "white blood." Native Americans of mixed white blood stood at the top, "pure" Native Americans next, and people of African descent were at the bottom. As among mixed-race African Americans, some of the status of white descent may also have been related to the economic and social capital passed on by white relations.

Numerous people of African descent were held as slaves by members of Native groups up until the Civil War. Some later recounted their lives for a WPA oral history project during the Great Depression in the 1930s.

A quick recap: it was the so-call old white plantation owners had a program to civilizes the Native American by showing how to use the benefits of slavery. Now when that program was not implemented the way that old plantation owner wanted, they was pissed and over a short time, turned on the Native American for the way they inter married with the African and the offspring of that union was consider by the law in the Land as FREE MIXED BLACK AND NATIVE AMERICANS.

Thank You Sister Muhammad for your words of encouragement

The eastern Indians didn't use tipis. Their slaves however did have to do manual labor including building lodges. If they tried to escape they were knocked on the head with the back of a tomahawk, as was Simon Kenton.

IF, we Look at FACTUAL History, Scholarship and Science Americana

----- the so called natives you MAY refer to:

HAD BECOME paganChristians and LIVED paganCHRISTIAN lives because they had made a treaty with the GENESIS of genocideNative and slaverAmericana 1492-1864(1964) to STOP their GENOCIDE from the European Monsters of Death......

so again........

so the native americans had African slaves build their teepees-LODGES?

so the native americans had African slaves sharpen their knives?

so the native americans had African slaves make their arrows?

so the native americans had African slaves impregnate their squaws?

AND

when a slave escaped from the campfire, the bounty hunters delivered the slave to the nearest LODGE

Pleeeeze negros

- is this ANOTHER of the line of the deacon steveAdamb racistlyIgnorant "blogs of NONSENSE"

Read Allan W. Eckert, The Frontiersmen

The Great Auk: A Novel; 1963, 2003 paperback reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 1-931672-16-4.
A Time of Terror: The Great Dayton Flood; 1965; 1997 reprint edition with an Afterword by W. Stuart McDowell, Landfall Press, ISBN 0-913428-02-7.
The Silent Sky: The Incredible Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon; 1965; 2000 Paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08963-1.
The Writer's Digest Course in Short Story Writing; 1965.
Wild Season; 1967; 1981 reprint edition, Landfall Press, ISBN 0-913428-32-9 (paperback: ISBN 0-913428-31-0).
The Frontiersmen: A Narrative; 1967; 2001 paperback reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation; ISBN 0-945084-91-9.
with Marlin Perkins;Bayou Backwaters; 1967, 2000 reprint edition, Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-01101-6.
The Crossbreed; 1968, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20851-5; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08992-5.
Blue Jacket: War Chief of the Shawnees; 1968; 2003 reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 1-931672-18-0, (paperback: ISBN 1-931672-20-2).
The King Snake; (Juvenile natural history) 1968; 1990 reprint, Scholastic, ISBN 0-590-42752-0; 2001 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-18006-X.
The Dreaming Tree; 1968; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08989-5.
Wilderness Empire: A Narrative;1968; 2001 reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 0-945084-98-6, (paperback: ISBN 1-931672-02-4).
In Search of a Whale; 1969, Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-03494-6.
The Conquerors; 1970; 2002 reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 1-931672-06-7, (paperback: ISBN 1-931672-07-5).
Incident at Hawk's Hill; 1971; 1995 reprint edition, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-21905-3, (paperback: ISBN 0-316-20948-1).
The Court-Martial of Daniel Boone; 1973, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20870-1; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08990-9.
The Owls of North America, North of Mexico: All the Species and Subspecies Illustrated in Color and Fully Described; 1973, Doubleday Books, ISBN 0-385-04818-1.
Tecumseh!: A Play; 1975; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08964-X.
The HAB Theory; 1976, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20859-0; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-00820-8.
The Wilderness War, A Narrative; 1978; 2003 reprint edition, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 1-931672-13-X, (paperback: ISBN 1-931672-14-8).
The Wading Birds of North America: North of Mexico; 1978; 1987 reprint edition, Gramercy, ISBN 0-517-63229-2.
Savage Journey: A Novel"; (Juvenile literature); 1979, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20876-0; 2001 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-18171-6.
Song of the Wild; (Juvenile literature); 1980, Little Brown & Co., ISBN 0-316-20877-9; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08991-7.
Whattizzit Nature Pun Quizzes; (booklet) 1981, Landfall Press, ISBN 0-913428-30-2.
Gateway to Empire; 1982, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20861-2; 1983 paperback edition, Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-24118-4.
Johnny Logan: Shawnee Spy: A Novel; 1982, Little Brown & Co, ISBN 0-316-20880-9; 2001 Paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.Com, ISBN 0-595-16763-2.
Wilderness Empire, Number 2; 1982, Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-22651-7.
The Dark Green Tunnel; (Juvenile fantasy); 1983, Little Brown & Co., ISBN 0-316-20881-7; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08962-3.
The Wand: The Return to Mesmeria; (Juvenile fantasy) 1984, Little Brown & Co, ISBN 0-316-20882-5; 2001 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-18325-5.
The Scarlet Mansion; 1985, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20883-3; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08988-7.
Earth Treasures Volume 1: the Northeastern Quadrant; 1985; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08958-5.
Earth Treasures Volume 2: the Southeastern Quadrant; 1985; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08959-3.
Earth Treasures Volume 3: the Northwestern Quadrant; 1986; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08960-7.
Earth Treasures Volume 4A: the Southwestern Quadrant; 1987; 2000 paperback reprint edition, Backinprint.com, ISBN 0-595-08961-5.
Twilight Of Empire; 1988, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-20886-8; 1989 paperback reprint edition, Bantam, ISBN 0-553-28059-7.
A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh; 1992, Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-08023-7; 1993 paperback reprint, Domain, ISBN 0-553-56174-X; 1995 paperback reprint, Smithmark Publishing, ISBN 0-8317-5817-1.
That Dark and Bloody River: Chronicles of the Ohio River Valley; 1995, Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-09448-3, (paperback ISBN 0-553-37865-1).
The World of Opals; 1997, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-13397-3.
Return to Hawk's Hill; 1998, Little Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-21593-7, (paperback: ISBN 0-316-00689-0).
Dark Journey: The Tragedy of the Donner Party; 2009, Jesse Stuart Foundation, ISBN 1-931672-53-

sorry selfProfessed 'whiteMan' steveAdam ISNT this a Deacon blag?

why you always got to write for deacon? youALL brothers?

Cause

my nativeAmericanAfrican Slave roots teach me that 'selfProfessedWhiteMan' write with Forked Tongue

Robert,

Because I bring FACTS to what I bring to the floor and not things I imagine or feel to back up this blog.

What about the information. It don't matter who brings the information that counts, is the information creditable?

Can you refute any of Brother Steves respouces?

Oh.... By the way Robert, your BOY has abandoned this conversation because he feels the heat of truth that is crushing his bull**** already.

See this crap about The Black American being a new race of people stuff is a failed and a fraud mission.

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

2. THE Aboriginal Natives of the land the Europeans called America owned African Slaves

3. The Cherokee Nation that became paganChristian and had a treaty with European Genociders Lived like southern paganChristian slavers.

.....One significant influence on the Cherokee to adopt slavery came at the behest of the United States government. After the Americans’ defeat of the British (with whom the Cherokee sided), the Cherokee signed the Treaty of Holston in 1791 which called for Cherokee to adopt a sedentary farming and ranching-based life, with the US agreeing to supply them with the “implements of husbandry.” The idea was in keeping with George Washington’s desire to assimilate Indians into white culture rather than exterminate them, but inherent in this new way of life, particularly in the South, was the practice of slaveholding.

slaveholding in the Cherokee nation was limited to a wealthy minority of mixed-blood Euro-Cherokees

***************************************

SO I Agree with Helen Lofton when she ALSO writes:

.......Those who have native American bloodlines haven't revealed that they were puppet Masters during slavery. LOL Check out the American history books.

Thursday, November 20th 2014 at 12:00AM
Helen Lofton
**********************************************************

again, for the 287,199th time Videos on UTube could be about Aliens --- THATS not FACTS!

none of what YOU write is TRUE from the African Asian point of view

AND no people on Earth other than European paganChristians

--stole African Asians, raped them, tortured them, pedophiled them and murdered them as in slaverAmericana 1492-1864

--NO cherokeeNation, no siouxNation, no SeminoleNation, no eskimoNation, no HebrewIsraeliteNation, no AfricanAsian, Hindu, DID slaverAMericana EuroChristian Evil of 1492-1864

Robert,

I have presented FACTS to back up my statements that Native Americans did own Black slaves during the times of slavery. Many of our Black Americans have Native American bloodlines, I got proof of that as well.

Do you care to pick up the trail were HARRY ran like hell from? What say, YOU?

Where is your FACTS to back up your statements? Show me the FACTS and not more opinion, can you do that?

Brother Steve,

Thank you for all these resources to enlighten the curious in truth and truth seekers to the FACTS of the Native American during the times of slavery in this country.

Thank you, Brother Deacon, for shedding the light of truthful history.

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

OR


2. THE Aboriginal Natives of the land the Europeans called America owned African Slaves

and then the self Cartoonic thank yous:

.................Brother Steve,

Thank you for all these resources to enlighten the curious in truth and truth seekers to the FACTS of the Native American during the times of slavery in this country.

Saturday, November 22nd 2014 at 7:48PM
Deacon Ron Gray

................Thank you, Brother Deacon, for shedding the light of truthful history.

Sunday, November 23rd 2014 at 7:26AM
Adam Fate

THANK you from the South Carolina kkk and racistlyIGnorant paganChristians

----- for reducing the TRUTHFUL History, Scholarship and Science of the Aboriginal Natives of the land the Europeans called America AND the AfricanAsians kidnapped, raped, tortured and murdered in the name of the latinJesus to --------racist NONSENSE...............

You could also read Twilight of Empire.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lin...

Robert,

Thank you for your input. I asked you a question, DO TOU WANT TO TAKE UP WHERE YOUR BOY HARRY RAN LIKE HELL FROM, WELL DO YOU?

Bring your proof that THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY DID NOT OWNED BLACK SLAVES and I will take a look at it, can you bring me your proof?

I will be the first to say that THE WHITE HALF of your German blood line is the AfricanAsians kidnapped, raped, tortured and murdered in the name of the latinJesus to --------racist NONSENSE...............

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

OR

.........Robert, ........DO TOU WANT TO TAKE UP WHERE YOUR BOY HARRY RAN LIKE HELL FROM, WELL DO YOU?

Sunday, November 23rd 2014 at 10:44AM
Deacon Ron Gray
*****************************

1. harry is a selfProfessed 68 IQ Retardant that YOU and your brother steveORadam bully

2.

IS your nativeAmerican paganChristian = THE Aboriginal Natives of the land the Europeans called America

I state NOT EQUAL---NOT SAME

is 'blackAmerican' = 'whiteAmerican' = African American?

is African American = African Asian?

PS --- racistlyIgnorant of History, Scholarship and Science

what------MORE cartoonic deeJohnson writing?

"...... I will be the first to say that THE WHITE HALF of your German blood line is the AfricanAsians kidnapped, raped, tortured and murdered in the name of the latinJesus to

Sunday, November 23rd 2014 at 10:44AM
Deacon Ron Gray

THERE is NO such thing as "THE WHITE HALF of your German blood line is the AfricanAsians"

" blackieWhitieRedie " racistIgnorance is americanBorn out of slaverAmericana 1492-864(1964)

AND

my mother, grandmother/grandfather, Uncles/Aunts, Cousins etc called me 'blackWhite' in 1946 OR in 2014

Robert,

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

OR

.........Robert, ........DO TOU WANT TO TAKE UP WHERE YOUR BOY HARRY RAN LIKE HELL FROM, WELL DO YOU? YES or NO...

Keeping in the traditional customs you know best. my mother, grandmother/grandfather, Uncles/Aunts, Cousins etc called you 'blackWhite' BOY in 1946 OR in 2014 .

If not, then why are you here? WHITEBLACKBOY!

You are kind of person HARRY would call PHONY BLACKS.

Robert,

What did you say?

+If not, then why are you here? WHITEBLACKBOY!

You are kind of person HARRY would call PHONY BLACKS.

Sunday, November 23rd 2014 at 9:10PM
Deacon Ron Gray


This is BIA< an AFRICAN AMERICA FAMILY site that has a MEMBERSHIP AGREEMENT with all commentators to SHATTER the steretypicalMisconceptions of the PAST --- LIKE YOUR racistlyIGNORANT writing

I HONOR my membership with LAWFUL persuit --- YOU are JUST racistlyIGNORANT

what is a WHITEBLACKBOY! NONSENSE and YOU

OR You are kind of person HARRY would call PHONY BLACKS---- harry and YOU

Robert,

what is a WHITEBLACKBOY! NONSENSE and YOU

In keeping in the traditional customs you know best. Your mother, grandmother/grandfather, Uncles/Aunts, Cousins etc called you 'blackWhite' BOY in 1946 OR in 2014 .

OR You are kind of person HARRY would call PHONY BLACKS---- harry and YOU

No, you are still a child of God even when you do bring all that smoke and BS

Now see how that FEELS LIKE.

YOU are one of the MOST racistlyIgnorant people I have ever communicated with

YOU called me 'WHITEBLACKBOY'

YOU called me 'THE WHITE HALF'

YOU called YOURSELF, 'blackHebrewIsraelite'

****************IF you are NOT bs, there is NO such thing as bs**********************

your picture is in the dictionary NEXT to bs definition..........................

you dropped your bsBTold Cartoon with BIA Administration Deletion of your Other FRAUD nonsense..

BE a MAN, have some DIGNITY------Live up to your BIA membership agreement ------- you Cartoon

This is an article I posted on another website however I'll post it here due to the subject matter:

CHEROKEE SLAVE REVOLT OF 1842: American Indians as Slave Owners
CHEROKEE SLAVE REVOLT OF 1842 ^ | 1996 | Art T. Burton

Posted on Thursday, March 28, 2002 3:47:43 PM by rface

By 1860, the Cherokees had 4,600 slaves; the Choctaws, 2,344; the Creeks, 1,532; the Chickasaws, 975; and the Seminoles, 500. Some Indian slave owners were as harsh and cruel as any white slave master. Indians were often hired to catch runaway slaves; in fact, slave-catching was a lucrative way of life for some Indians, especially the Chickasaws.

Black slavery in America usually evokes images of the antebellum South, but few realize that members of the Five Civilized Tribes--the Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles--in Indian Territory, today's Oklahoma, also had slaves. Like their counterparts in the South, Indian slaveholders feared slave revolts. Those fears came true in 1842 when slaves in the Cherokee Nation made a daring dash for freedom.

In the 1830s and 1840s, initially at the insistence of President Andrew Jackson, the United States government forcibly removed the Five Civilized Tribes from their homes in Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Their removal opened the lands to white settlers and planters.

When they moved, all of the tribes took with them established systems of slavery. Mixed-blood Indians, the offspring of white traders and frontiersmen who married Indian women, were the principal slaveholders in the tribes, largely because their fathers had taught them the economics of slavery. Those mixed-blood Indians remained tribal members and became important middlemen between white settlers and Indian communities.

Many Cherokees depended on black slaves as a bridge to white to white society. Full-blood Indian slave owners relied on the blacks as English interpreters and translators.

By 1860, the Cherokees had 4,600 slaves; the Choctaws, 2,344; the Creeks, 1,532; the Chickasaws, 975; and the Seminoles, 500. Some Indian slave owners were as harsh and cruel as any white slave master. Indians were often hired to catch runaway slaves; in fact, slave-catching was a lucrative way of life for some Indians, especially the Chickasaws.

Seminoles attitudes toward slavery were different than those of other tribes. Never practicing chattel slavery, they took in fugitive slaves and claimed them as their own 'property' to protect the blacks from slave-catchers. In return, the blacks, who lived in separate villages in the Seminole country, gave livestock and crop tributes to the Indians. The blacks and Seminoles also formed a military alliance, with the blacks serving the Indians as warriors and strategists. In some instances, the blacks would intermarry into the Seminole community.

All of the tribes except the Seminoles had slave codes. Even after their removal to Indian Territory, the Seminoles allowed their slaves to carry weapons and own horses and other property. Until a treaty in 1845 provided for their relocation to the western area of the Creek Nation, the Seminoles lived in the Cherokee country around Fort Gibson, Indian Territory. Before that, Cherokee and Creek slaveholders complained about the influence of Seminole slaves on their own slave populations.

The blacks locked their masters and overseers in their houses and cabins while they slept. Then they burglarized a store, stealing guns, horses, mules, ammunition, food, and supplies. At daylight the group, which included men, women, and children, headed toward Mexico, where slavery was illegal.

The Cherokee slaves at the Arkansas River port of Webbers Falls, not far from Fort Gibson, would have had ample opportunity to observe the Seminole slaves. Most of the Cherokee slaves farmed cotton and other crops, but some worked at the landing where steamboats docked and where Joseph Vann operated a public ferry. The Seminoles disembarked at Webbers Falls after their journey from Florida, and the Cherokee slaves may have been impressed with the blacks dressed in Seminole fashion and carrying rifles and knives. The black Seminoles settled in the Illinois River bottoms near Webbers Falls, allowing the Cherokee slaves to socialize with them regularly.

About 4:00 a.m., November 15, 1842, more than twenty-five slaves, most from Vann's plantation at Webbers Falls, rendezvoused at a prearranged location near the port town. The blacks locked their masters and overseers in their houses and cabins while they slept. Then they burglarized the store of a man named Bigelow, stealing guns, horses, mules, ammunition, food, and supplies. At daylight the group, which included men, women, and children, headed toward Mexico, where slavery was illegal and many runaway slaves sought refuge. When the fugitive slaves entered the Creek Nation southwest of Webbers Falls, slaves from the plantations of wealthy Creeks named Bruner and Marshall joined them, increasing the number of runaway to more than thirty-five.

When the Cherokees discovered that their slaves had departed, about forty of them took guns and dogs and went in pursuit of the fugitives. Each slave reportedly had a horse or mule to ride, and they had taken some of Vann's blooded racehorses, so they were highly mobile. The Cherokees followed the slaves into the Creek Nation. There a group of Creek Indians organized a search party and joined the Cherokees.

Within a few days of the escape, the Indians caught up with the blacks about ten miles beyond the Canadian River in the Choctaw Nation. The slaves found a depression in the prairie which provided a complete entrenchment for them and their horses, and they decided it would make an excellent place to fight. A pitched battle followed, with both sides suffering casualties. The blacks held the position for two days, but the Indians killed two of them and captured twelve others.

The fight convinced the Cherokees and Creeks to go home and get reinforcements before continuing the chase. The remaining fugitives kept moving toward the Red River.

During their flight, the fugitives met James Edwards, a white man, and Billy Wilson, a Delaware Indian, about fifteen miles from the battle site. Edwards and Wilson were fugitive slave hunters, whom blacks in the South called patrollers or "patty rollers." They had with them eight blacks--one man, two women, and five children--who had escaped in the Choctaw Nation. They had belonged to a white man named Thompson, who had married a Choctaw woman, making him a citizen of the Choctaw Nation. The fugitives had been headed west to join one of the Plains Indian tribes when a man named Chisholm spotted them and turned them over to Edwards, Wilson, and a Cherokee man for transport back to Choctaw authorities.

Edwards and Wilson made good progress until they met the fugitive Cherokee and Creek slaves, who killed them. The Choctaw blacks gladly joined the Cherokee band as they continued on their journey toward Mexico.

The slave outbreak was reported to the Cherokee National Council at the capital in Tahlequah on November 17, 1842. Immediately the council passed a resolution, which Chief John Ross approved, authorizing Cherokee Militia Captain John Drew to raise a company of one hundred men to pursue, arrest, and deliver the blacks to Fort Gibson. The resolution also relieved the Cherokee Nation of any liability if the slaves resisted arrest and were killed. The Cherokee national treasury would compensate Drew's militia, and Drew was authorized to purchase ammunition and supplies, provided that the expedition was not unnecessarily protracted and did not incur needless expenses.

Ross told Indian Agent Pierce M. Butler about the expedition and asked him to inform the commander at Fort Gibson and the Creek and Choctaw chiefs. The commander at Fort Gibson loaned Drew twenty-five pounds of gunpowder for the militia.

On November 21, Drew left Webbers Falls with eighty-seven well armed men in his command. By November 26 they had arrived at the site of the battle between the slaves and the Creeks and Cherokees.

Picking up the runaways' trail, Drew's command came upon the bodies of slave hunters Edwards and Wilson, who apparently had been dead about four days. The militia found the trail again and two days later found the fugitives about seven miles north of the Red River, some 280 miles from Fort Gibson.

The slaves offered no resistance; starving, they surrendered immediately. Drew captured thirty-one slaves--the entire group except two who were away hunting. Drew's men returned the slaves to the Cherokee Nation with no problem, arriving at Webbers Falls by December 7.

Drew reported to the Cherokee National Council on December 8. After an investigation, council members ordered five slaves to be held at Fort Gibson pending trial for the murders of Wilson and Edwards, then told Drew to deliver the remaining slaves to their owners. The Choctaw male slave was also turned over to Fort Gibson authorities. Drew kept the two Choctaw slave women and five children in custody until the Cherokees could ascertain their disposition from the Choctaw Nation. Joseph Vann took most of his black rebels out of the Cherokee Nation and put them to work on his steamboat, which worked the Arkansas, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers.

The Cherokees thought the influence of "foreign" free blacks had caused the slave insurrection. On December 2 they passed "An Act in Regard to Free Negroes" directing that all free blacks, except those whom Cherokees had freed, leave the Cherokee Nation by January 1, 1843, or as soon after as possible. Those who lingered or refused would be expelled. The act targeted the free black Seminoles living in the Cherokee Nation.

Cherokee attitudes against free black Seminoles continued. In 1849, tired of harassment from slave-catchers, some of the free black Seminoles under black Chief John Horse fled Indian Territory. They joined Seminole Chief Wild Cat and his followers and successfully reached Mexico.

By 1851, nearly 300 blacks had tried to escape from Indian Territory, most headed for Mexico or Kansas. In the northern Cherokee Nation, in what would later become Washington County, Oklahoma, an "underground railroad" trail led into Kansas. None of the escapes, however, equaled the scope or violence of the Cherokee slave revolt of 1842.

Excellent reading Siebra. The Seminoles were influenced by Spanish custom.

Robert,

Let us be men, let’s make agreement and live life with dignity. I will stop my name calling and you stop your name calling, deal?

Sister Muhammad,

Brilliant, Outstandingly Clear, A Strong Recounting of The CHEROKEE SLAVE REVOT OF 1842: American Indians as Slave Owners 1996 Art Burton. Thank you for the repost here on THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES.

With power like this, comes great opportunity.

Truth and Knowledge CRUSHES
Deception and Ignorance

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

OR

.........Robert, using ADJECTIVES to critic YOUR writingSTYLE?

..........Robert, Let us be men, let’s make agreement and live life with dignity. I will stop my name calling and you stop your name calling, deal?

Tuesday, November 25th 2014 at 9:29PM
Deacon Ron Gray
*********************************************************

more BS-----

when you call me a Term used by paganChristian Europeans to BEGIN; slaverAmericana 1492-1864(1964) --- the theft, rape, torture, pedophilia and murder of African Asians physically and mentally

.....that is the Evil that gives us Ferguson, police and lawful Evil against the descendants of African Asians

I WILL always --- ADJECTIVELY --- respond to your EVIL Racistly Ignorant writing style

I have NEVER at BIA called anyone a name EQUAL to the FILTH, Decadence and TRASH you have called me.

and then to DE*****ATE my aboriginal ancestors with this blag is OVER the TOP racistNONSENSE

*************************************I am not a EUROCENTRIC believer and Love African Asian Knowledge

Sûrat AlAhqâaf
(The Curved Sand-hills-twisted weakness) (XLVI)

In the Name of Allâah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

1. Hâ-Mîm.
2. The revelation of AlQur’âan is from Allâah, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.

3. We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them with Truth, and for an appointed term, yet those who are trespassers of the limits set by Allâah turn away from that which they are warned.

4. Say Mohamed to these pagans:

"Think about all or who that you call on besides Allâah?
Show me. What have they Created of the Earth?
Or have they a share in the Creation of the heavens?

Bring me a Revelation before this, some trace of knowledge to support your claims, if you are Truthful!"

5. Who is more astray than one who invokes others than Allâah?

Others that may not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are even unaware of their calls and invocations?

Robert,

What are you going to do. Are we going to stop the name calling?

I, Robert Powell, DO NOT CALL names-----I write ADJECTIVE critic of biaCommentators........

Let us cut that out too... What say you?

SUBJECT ????

1. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ACTUALLY OWNED BLACK SLAVES

OR

.........Robert, using ADJECTIVES to critic YOUR writing?
*************************************************************************

"........Let us cut that out too... What say you?

Friday, November 28th 2014 at 10:49AM
Deacon Ron Gray

*********************************************************

It IS obvious YOU do NOT Read and UNDERSTAND --- ENGLISH


Adjectives give English or any European Language its ------poetic beauty

like you MUST love Adjectives ---you use them for selfProfessionalism

---"blackHebrewIsraelite" OR "whiteMan's religionist"

AND your SUBJECT

"native" American and "black" slaves

NOT my choice of SUBJECT - Robert, using ADJECTIVES to critic YOUR writing?

learn something poetically beautiful someday!

Robert,

Then I use poetic beauty ADJECTIVES to critic YOUR writing as well 'WHITEBLACKBOY' I am talking about your writing's NOT my choice of SUBJECT

learn something poetically beautiful someday!

HARRY,

Take anther look at this again. Maybe you can see the error of your BS. Stop running like a little girl.

Deacon----do not look at life as a racistlyIgnorant 68 IQ retardant bully

Take anther look at this again. Maybe you can see the error of your BS. Stop running like a little slave owned by 'European whiteSupremacy'

learn something poetically beautiful someday!


Sûrat AlAn’âm
(The Cattle, The Big Docile Ones) VI

In the Name of Allâah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
1. All praises and thanks be to Allâah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and originated the darkness and the light.
Yet those who disbelieve hold others as equal with Raabbee.

2. He it is Who has created you from clay/water, and then has decreed a stated term for you to live and die.
There is from your Creator; another determined term for you to be Resurrected, yet you might doubt Raabbee about your Resurrection.

3. He is Allâah, to be worshipped Alone, in the Heavens and on the Earth;

He knows What you conceal or reveal, and He knows what you earn, good or bad.

111. Even if We had sent down to Mankind:

AlMalaaeeka(angels), and the dead had spoken to them, and had gathered together all things before their eyes, they would not have believed, unless Allâah willed, but most of them behave ignorantly.

112. So We have appointed for every Prophet; enemies - Shayâtîn (devils) among Mankind and jinn, inspiring - entertaining one another with fabricated made up speech - stories as a delusion for deception.


So leave them alone with their fabrications.

113. This will reveal that the hearts of those who disbelieve in the Hereafter may/will incline to deceit, and that they may/will be pleased with their shame, and that they may commit all kinds of sins, crimes, untruths and evil things.

114. Mohamed, "Shall I seek a judge other than Allâah while it is He Who has sent down unto you AlQur’âan, explained in detail."

Those to whom We gave AtTaurât and AlInjeel know that it is revealed from Raabbee

So do not be of those who doubt.

115. The Word of Raabbee has been fulfilled in truth and in justice.
None can change His Words; He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.

116. If you obey Most on the earth, they will mislead you away from Allâah's Path.

They follow conjectures only, and they do nothing but lie.