Womens Heart Health, Blood Clots and Coronary Bypass Surgery
Each year, more women die from heart disease than from breast cancer, cervical cancer, and uterine cancer -- combined. In this video, you can explore the female cardiovascular system and listen to renowned cardiologists Dr. Mehmet Oz, Dr. Karol Watson, and Dr. Peter Fail. They explain why women are vulnerable to heart disease, how their vessels and symptoms differ from men's, and why women face challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.
The Consequences of Clots
For reasons that aren't completely understood, plaques may rupture. A thrombus (blood clot) forms on or near the site of the rupture; this is the body's confused attempt to "heal" the injured vessel. Several things can happen. The clot may break away and travel to the carotid arteries of the neck or to the brain as an embolus, where it can cause a stroke. (A thrombus that detaches and travels through the bloodstream is called an embolus.) Another possibility is that the clot remains in place or travels to another location in the heart's coronary arteries. There it may completely block blood flow to a portion of the heart, causing a myocardial infarction: a heart attack. In a heart attack, the lack of blood supply causes heart tissue to actually die. The loss is permanent unless blood flow can be restored quickly, in 1-6 hours.
One-third of all heart attacks are fatal. If the heart attack victim survives, the heart may nevertheless be permanently damaged because dead tissue is replaced by scar tissue. Scar tissue can't pulsate the way healthy heart tissue does. The heart is now unable to pump blood efficiently and, as a consequence, has to work harder to move blood throughout the body. This stresses the weakened heart even more.
Coronary Bypass Surgery
Your heart is the workhorse of your body, both a miracle of biology and a marvel of endurance. It started beating about 6 weeks after you were conceived, and it will continue to beat about 100,000 times a day, 35 million times in a year. In an average lifetime, this fist-sized organ will beat more than 2.5 billion times and pump 1 million barrels of blood. That's enough to fill more than three supertankers.
The circulatory system is a marvel in itself. Your body contains 60,000 miles of arteries, veins, and capillaries that supply all the organs and tissues in your body with the nutrients and oxygen they require.
Like every other organ in your body, your heart must be supplied with oxygenated blood. But the blood constantly flowing through its chambers doesn't nourish the heart muscle itself or carry away its waste products. Your heart gets its own blood supply through the coronary arteries, which encircle your heart like a crown. (Hence the term "coronary," from the Latin word for crown.) There are two main coronary arteries, which branch out of the aorta, the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery. These large coronary arteries are about the width of a drinking straw and gradually taper as they descend on the heart. The left main coronary artery divides into two branches called the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. The right coronary artery branches into the posterior descending artery and the marginal artery. These arteries branch into smaller and smaller arteries, some of which penetrate inside the heart. They eventually branch into capillaries, some so fine that it would take ten of them lying side by side to form the thickness of a human hair. Your capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste from your heart's cells.
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Your heart is the workhorse of your body, both a miracle of biology and a marvel of endurance. It started beating about 6 weeks after you were conceived, and it will continue to beat about 100,000 times a day, 35 million times in a year. In an average lifetime, this fist-sized organ will beat more than 2.5 billion times and pump 1 million barrels of blood. That's enough to fill more than three supertankers.